College during COVID-19: The pandemic's effect on college adjustment in first year students with ADHD.

The current study aims to compare college adjustment and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on first-year students with and without ADHD. Two cohorts (pre-pandemic, during the pandemic) of first-year, undergraduate college students ( = 3,006; =18.32) were recruited from a multisite research consortium across several universities.

Stigma Related to Observable Symptoms, But Not Stimulant Medication Use, in Young Women With ADHD.

Objective: ADHD is associated with stigma, but whether stimulant medication use contributes to this is unknown. We examined how perception of a young woman may be influenced by visible ADHD symptoms and/or prescribed stimulant medication use (PSMU).

Method: Three-hundred-fourteen undergraduates were randomly assigned to watch one of four videos: a woman portraying (a) neither symptoms of ADHD nor PSMU, (b) no ADHD symptoms but disclosing PSMU, (c) ADHD symptoms but no PSMU, or (d) both ADHD symptoms and PSMU.

ADHD and Psychological Need Fulfillment in College Students.

Objective: Self-determination theory suggests that the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs-autonomy, competence, relatedness-are uniquely associated with overall well-being. Undergraduates with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience more academic-related impairment and are less likely to graduate. Thus, well-being is important to understand and aim to improve in these students.

The importance of executive functioning for social skills in college students: a relative weights analysis.

Social interaction is one of the most important things that humans do on a day-to-day basis, impacting both mental and physical wellness. College is a particularly important period where social interaction becomes increasingly important as well as complex. While there is no currently agreed upon cognitive basis of social interaction, the executive function (EF) system is believed to play a central role.

Feasibility and Acceptability of an Internet-Based Intervention for Young Adults with ADHD.

Unlabelled: Internet-based interventions (IBIs) to treat psychological disorders are available, but accessibility to these to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young adult populations is quite limited. The current study examined the feasibility of a proposed IBI for ADHD and participant perceptions regarding treatment and , and outcome Participants ( = 235; aged 18-35) with a prior ADHD diagnosis were recruited through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and were provided with a proposed IBI and explanatory outlines of treatment module content. Participants in the cross-sectional study were randomly assigned to either a tailored (i.

Internalizing and externalizing comorbidity and symptom burden in a VA ADHD specialty evaluation clinic.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychiatric diagnosis and symptom comorbidity in veterans diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Study design was retrospective chart review from an ADHD evaluation clinic at a Veterans Affairs hospital. Participants were 227 military veterans who completed a standardized ADHD assessment and produced valid Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) profiles.

Unique considerations in the assessment of ADHD in college students.

Evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) has long focused on treatment, but evidence-based psychological assessment (EBPA) is also crucial given the important role of accurate and reliable diagnostic practices in treatment planning. In terms of the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), EBPA practices are well-established for children, and more recently for adults, but for college students in particular there are special considerations that warrant attention. College students with symptoms of ADHD have some challenges that are unique, and thus the assessment and diagnosis of ADHD in these students is unique.

Relations among protective behavioral strategies, biological sex, and ADHD symptoms on alcohol use and related problems: Who benefits most, and from what type of strategy?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among college students are associated with high rates of alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences. Use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) is generally related to lower levels of alcohol use and problems; however, it is unclear how effectively students with ADHD symptoms can implement PBS, and whether certain types of PBS use may yield better outcomes. This study examined relations between PBS type and ADHD symptoms on both alcohol use and consequences, and whether these relations varied by biological sex.

Adult ADHD and romantic relationships: What we know and what we can do to help.

It has been widely maintained that enduring and healthy romantic relationships are critical to quality of life in adulthood, and can buffer the impact of adversity, including psychological disorder. Unfortunately, much research points toward adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) having short-lived and discordant romantic relationships. Despite this ample evidence, relatively little research has focused on identifying specific factors that may strengthen or explain their relational difficulties, which would have obvious relationship distress prevention and intervention implications.

College Readiness: Differences Between First-Year Undergraduates With and Without ADHD.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive behaviors. Impairment in individuals diagnosed with ADHD is significant; one such domain of impairment is achieving a college education. College students with ADHD tend to have lower grade point averages, take longer to graduate, and have higher dropout rates than individuals without ADHD.

ADHD in North Carolina: Prevalence, Treatment, and Looking to the Future.

At present, data suggests that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder may be more prevalent in North Carolina than other states, but whether we are properly identifying and treating cases, in childhood and adulthood, is murky. Much innovative work to this end is being done in North Carolina, but more is needed.

Anxiety sensitivity mediates the relationship between exercise frequency and anxiety and depression symptomology.

The anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of regular physical exercise have been well documented, though the mechanisms through which exercise alleviates symptoms of emotion disorders require further investigation. Mounting research indicates that exercise reduces anxiety sensitivity, a known vulnerability factor for the development and maintenance of psychological disorders, presumably via repeated exposure to feared somatic sensations. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether anxiety sensitivity mediates the relation between exercise frequency and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Positive alcohol expectancies mediate associations between ADHD behaviors and alcohol-related problems among college students.

An increasing percentage of college students report being affected by ADHD behaviors, and this population is at increased risk of experiencing negative consequences associated with alcohol consumption. However, specific factors motivating alcohol consumption and contributing to negative outcomes among these individuals are not well understood. Recent work suggests alcohol expectancies may interact with ADHD behaviors to influence negative drinking-related outcomes among those with elevated inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.

Mountaintop Removal Coal Mining and Emergent Cases of Psychological Disorder in Kentucky.

Although mountaintop removal (MTR) coal extraction techniques have been employed in Appalachia for decades, relatively little research has examined its potential psychological impact on people living in close proximity to MTR activity. The current study taps the State Emergency Department Database (Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Kentucky State Emergency Department Database, 2008) to examine the relative risk for diagnoses of depressive, substance use, and anxiety disorders originating in areas with and without MTR activity. Logistical regression analyses, controlling for ethnicity, rurality, mean income, and gender, indicated that MTR independently predicts greater risk for depressive (OR 1.

Psychometric Properties of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale: Evidence for Utility in Research, Assessment, and Treatment of ADHD in Emerging Adults.

The current study examines psychometric properties of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS), a measure of adult ADHD-related impairment. It is a self-report questionnaire that provides a metric of overall life impairment and domain-specific dysfunction. Using data from a large ( = 2,093), multi-institution sample of college students and including a subsample of collateral informants ( = 262), a series of analyses were conducted.

Sex differences in claimed and behavioral self-handicapping and ADHD symptomatology in emerging adults.

Although the research is clear that boys with ADHD have higher symptomatology and impairment than girls with ADHD, for adults the research is mixed. Some studies suggest no sex differences, whereas others suggest that women might have higher symptomatology and impairment. The present study examined sex differences in ADHD symptomatology and impairment, and the possible role of claimed and behavioral self-handicapping as an explanation for any differences.

DSM-5 and Other Symptom Thresholds for ADHD: Which Is the Best Predictor of Impairment in College Students?

Objective: Approximately 5% of adults have ADHD. Despite recommendations regarding the diagnosis of emerging adults, there is not a strong consensus regarding the ideal method for diagnosing ADHD in both emerging and mature adults. We were interested in determining whether a threshold of four, five, or six ADHD symptoms would be associated with significantly different levels of functional impairment and be more or less indicative of a potential ADHD diagnosis.

Young adult romantic couples' conflict resolution and satisfaction varies with partner's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder type.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has previously been associated with less satisfaction and success in romantic relationships. This study compares conflict resolution and problem-solving behaviors in young adult romantic couples either having one partner with ADHD combined type (C-couples), having one partner identified with ADHD inattentive type (IA-couples), or in which neither partner has an ADHD diagnosis (nondiagnosed [ND] couples). Self-reports of current and childhood ADHD symptoms corroborated diagnostic status and speaker and listener behaviors, coded via the Rapid Couples Interaction Scoring System (Gottman, 1996), were the primary dependent variables.

Stimulant medication use in college students: comparison of appropriate users, misusers, and nonusers.

While stimulant medication is commonly prescribed to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children and adolescents (Merikangas, He, Rapoport, Vitiello, & Olfson, 2013; Zuvekas & Vitiello, 2012) and is considered an empirically supported intervention for those groups (Barkley, Murphy, & Fischer, 2008; Pelham & Fabiano, 2008; Safren et al., 2005) surprisingly little is known about the efficacy of stimulants in the slightly older emerging adult population. A focus has emerged, however, on illicit stimulant use among undergraduates, with studies suggesting such behavior is not uncommon (e.

The effects of quercetin supplementation on cognitive functioning in a community sample: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of quercetin supplementation on neurocognitive functioning.

Methods: A large community sample (n = 941) completed a 12-week supplementation protocol, and participants were randomly assigned to receive 500 mg/day or 1000 mg/day quercetin, or placebo.

Results: Results failed to indicate significant effects of quercetin on memory, psychomotor speed, reaction time, attention, or cognitive flexibility, despite large increases in plasma quercetin levels among the quercetin treatment groups.

Perceived stress and ADHD symptoms in adults.

Objective: Given that ADHD has been linked to dysfunction across development and in many life domains, it is likely that individuals experiencing these symptoms are at increased risk for experiencing stress. The current study examines the association between ADHD and other psychiatric symptoms and perceived stress in a community sample of adults.

Method: Perceived stress data collected from 983 participants (M(age) = 45.

Distinct ADHD symptom clusters differentially associated with personality traits.

Objective: ADHD has been linked to various constructs, yet there is a lack of focus on how its symptom clusters differentially associate with personality, which this study addresses.

Method: The current study examines the relationship between impulsive and inattentive ADHD traits and personality, indexed by the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), in a sample of undergraduates.

Results: Impulsivity was associated with NEO-PI-R and MCMI-III traits characterized by emotional distress, interpersonal problems, and disruptive behavior, whereas inattention was associated only with focus-oriented constructs.

Sex differences in the manifestation of ADHD in emerging adults.

Objective: Given the mixed literature in the area, the aim of the current study was to determine whether sex differences exist in inattention, hyperactivity, and impairment in college adults with ADHD.

Method: Individuals from three universities were recruited for the study. Participants with (n = 164) and without ADHD (n = 710) completed on-line measures of symptoms and impairment.

Social appraisal of adult ADHD: stigma and influences of the beholder's Big Five personality traits.

Objective: This study investigates social stigma associated with a diagnosis of ADHD in adulthood and whether Big Five personality traits predict appraisals of affected individuals.

Method: A sample of 257 undergraduates rate the desirability of targets with ADHD, minor medical problems, and with no appreciable weakness, across several social engagement contexts.

Results: Participants exhibit significantly less desire to engage with those with ADHD (as compared to both controls).

Rejection sensitivity and social outcomes of young adult men with ADHD.

Objective: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been consistently linked to social maladjustment. This study investigated whether elevated rejection sensitivity (RS) could contribute to the relational problems that adults with ADHD encounter.

Method: Undergraduate men in ADHD-Combined Type (ADHD-C; n = 31), ADHD-Primarily Inattentive Type (ADHD-IA; n = 22), and nondiagnosed control (NC; n = 25) groups completed questionnaires concerning RS, relational history, current relationships, and self-esteem.