Dendritic calcium signals in rhesus macaque motor cortex drive an optical brain-computer interface.

Calcium imaging is a powerful tool for recording from large populations of neurons in vivo. Imaging in rhesus macaque motor cortex can enable the discovery of fundamental principles of motor cortical function and can inform the design of next generation brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Surface two-photon imaging, however, cannot presently access somatic calcium signals of neurons from all layers of macaque motor cortex due to photon scattering.

Navigating Institutional Challenges: Design to Enable Community Participation in Social Learning for Freshwater Planning.

Social learning is a process suited to developing understanding and concerted action to tackle complex resource dilemmas, such as freshwater management. Research has begun to recognise that in practice social learning encounters a variety of institutional challenges from the shared habits and routines of stakeholders (organised by rules, norms and strategies) that are embedded in organisational structures and norms of professional behaviour. These institutional habits and routines influence the degree of willingness to engage with stakeholders, and expectations of behaviours in social learning processes.

Systems Thinking in Practice: Participatory Modeling as a Foundation for Integrated Approaches to Health.

One Health (OH), EcoHealth (EH), and Planetary Health (PH) share an interest in transdisciplinary efforts that bring together scientists, citizens, government and private sectors to implement contextualized actions that promote adaptive health management across human, animal and ecosystem interfaces. A key operational element underlying these Integrated Approaches to Health (IAH) is use of Systems Thinking as a set of tools for integration. In this paper we discuss the origins and epistemology of systems thinking and argue that participatory modeling, informed by both systems theory and expertise in facilitating engagement and social learning, can help ground IAH theoretically and support its development.

How Decision Support Systems Can Benefit from a Theory of Change Approach.

Decision support systems are now mostly computer and internet-based information systems designed to support land managers with complex decision-making. However, there is concern that many environmental and agricultural decision support systems remain underutilized and ineffective. Recent efforts to improve decision support systems use have focused on enhancing stakeholder participation in their development, but a mismatch between stakeholders' expectations and the reality of decision support systems outputs continues to limit uptake.

Twenty-year follow-up study on a patient-fitted temporomandibular joint prosthesis: the Techmedica/TMJ Concepts device.

Purpose: To evaluate subjective and objective outcomes of patients receiving Techmedica (currently TMJ Concepts) patient-fitted temporomandibular joint (TMJ) total joint replacement (TJR) devices after 19 to 24 years of service.

Patients And Methods: This prospective cohort study evaluated 111 patients operated on by 2 surgeons using Techmedica (Camarillo, CA) patient-fitted TMJ TJR devices from November 1989 to July 1993. Patients were evaluated before surgery and at least 19 years after surgery.

Low condylectomy and orthognathic surgery to treat mandibular condylar osteochondroma: a retrospective review of 37 cases.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes from surgical treatment of mandibular condylar osteochondroma (condylar hyperplasia [CH] type 2) using a specific surgical protocol. CH type 2 is a unilateral benign pathologic condition, with progressive proliferation of osseous and cartilaginous tissues in the condylar head. This causes condylar enlargement, often with exophytic growth, resulting in significant facial deformity, pain, and masticatory and occlusal dysfunction.

Bridging disciplines, knowledge systems and cultures in pest management.

The success of research in integrated environmental and natural resource management relies on the participation and involvement of different disciplines and stakeholders. This can be difficult to achieve in practice because many initiatives fail to address the underlying social processes required for successful engagement and social learning. We used an action research approach to support a research-based group with a range of disciplinary and stakeholder expertise to critically reflect on their engagement practice and identify lessons around how to collaborate more effectively.

Outcome assessment of 603 cases of concomitant inferior turbinectomy and Le Fort I osteotomy.

This retrospective study assessed the outcome of 603 patients undergoing partial inferior turbinectomies (PIT) in association with Lefort I osteotomy. The study included 1234 patients from a single private practice; these patients had dentofacial deformities and underwent Lefort I osteotomy procedures. For the full patient group, 888 patients (72%) were women; in the turbinectomy group, 403 (67%) were women.

Innovative developments for long-term mammalian pest control.

Background: Invasive mammalian pests have inflicted substantial environmental and economic damage on a worldwide scale.

Results: Over the last 30 years there has been minimal innovation in the development of new control tools. The development of new vertebrate pesticides, for example, has been largely restricted due to the costly and time-consuming processes associated with testing and registration.

Application of cranial bone grafts for reconstruction of maxillofacial deformities.

This retrospective study evaluated outcomes with the use of calvarial bone grafts (CBGs) in maxillofacial reconstruction as well as donor and recipient site complications. The records of 50 consecutive patients from a private practice were reviewed; there were 34 women and 16 men, with an average age of 32.4 years (range 16 to 66 years).

Integrating environmental and socio-economic indicators of a linked catchment-coastal system using variable environmental intensity.

Can we develop land use policy that balances the conflicting views of stakeholders in a catchment while moving toward long term sustainability? Adaptive management provides a strategy for this whereby measures of catchment performance are compared against performance goals in order to progressively improve policy. However, the feedback loop of adaptive management is often slow and irreversible impacts may result before policy has been adapted. In contrast, integrated modelling of future land use policy provides rapid feedback and potentially improves the chance of avoiding unwanted collapse events.

Principles and processes for effecting change in environmental management in New Zealand.

In New Zealand environmental management is essentially the responsibility of land managers. Management decisions affect both production/productivity and the environment. However, responsibility for ensuring positive environmental outcomes falls on both local (Regional) and Central Government, and both they and international agencies such as the OECD would wish to monitor and report on changes.

Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in a latency-associated transcript-independent manner in neuronal cells.

Histone acetylation is implicated in the regulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency. However, the role of histone acetylation in HSV-1 reactivation is less clear. In this study, the well-established model system, quiescently infected, neuronally differentiated PC12 (QIF-PC12) cells, was used to address the participation of histone acetylation in HSV-1 reactivation.