Infrared-driven dynamics and scattering mechanisms of NO radicals with propane and butane: impacts of pseudo Jahn-Teller effects.

The topology of multidimensional potential energy surfaces defines the bimolecular collision outcomes of open-shell radicals with molecular partners. Understanding these surfaces is crucial for predicting the inelastic scattering and chemical transformations of increasingly complex radical-molecule collisions. To characterize the inelastic scattering mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO) radicals with large alkanes, we generated the collision complexes comprised of NO with propane or -butane.

Bimolecular collision outcomes on multidimensional potential energy surfaces: infrared spectroscopy and activation of NO-alkane collision complexes.

In bimolecular collisions between open-shell radicals and increasingly-larger alkanes, the relative impact configurations open the possibility of reactive and nonreactive outcomes that are isomer specific. To model the interaction potential between molecular scattering partners, observables are needed from experiments that can quantify both the initial molecular orientations and internal energies on multidimensional potential energy surfaces. Recent work by our group demonstrated that upon infrared (IR) excitation, the dynamics of the nitric oxide-methane collision complex (NO-CH) are dependent on the initial monomer geometries, as small changes in configuration substantially affect the energies, electronic couplings, and predissociation pathways due to the Jahn-Teller effect.

Nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices about rehabilitation of patients after heart valve surgery in Namibia.

Background: A cardiac rehabilitation programme is a medically supervised intervention to assist patients in recovery after heart surgeries and to prevent potential complications. Nurses should have the knowledge, a positive attitudes, and good practices to improve patient quality of life during the recovery process.

Aim: This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the nurses regarding cardiac rehabilitation for patients after heart valve surgery.

Scaling advantage over path-integral Monte Carlo in quantum simulation of geometrically frustrated magnets.

The promise of quantum computing lies in harnessing programmable quantum devices for practical applications such as efficient simulation of quantum materials and condensed matter systems. One important task is the simulation of geometrically frustrated magnets in which topological phenomena can emerge from competition between quantum and thermal fluctuations. Here we report on experimental observations of equilibration in such simulations, measured on up to 1440 qubits with microsecond resolution.

Analytical study of gyrophase, pitch angle, and normal speed of particles leaving an ideal magnetohydrodynamic discontinuity surface.

Particle populations that have velocity distributions with only a small spread of gyrophase angles are commonly observed in the vicinity of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) discontinuity surfaces such as collisionless shocks. Previous theoretical particle trajectory studies have concentrated on ion behavior at an ideal planar Earth's bow shock and have either assumed that a gyrotropic incident initial velocity distribution is reflected at the surface or instead focused on unique fixed initial gyrophase and pitch angle values specified by the generation mechanism assumed for the particle. In this analytical study of trajectories of particles departing an ideal planar MHD surface we demonstrate that a particle's initial gyrophase and pitch angle determine completely whether it will escape the surface or return to it, regardless of its initial energy.

Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules inhibit the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl channel.

The gasotransmitter carbon monoxide (CO) regulates fluid and electrolyte movements across epithelial tissues. However, its action on anion channels is incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the direct action of CO on the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by applying CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) to the intracellular side of excised inside-out membrane patches from cells heterologously expressing wild-type human CFTR.

Barriers to accessing cancer services for adults with physical disabilities in England and Wales: an interview-based study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the barriers to accessing cancer services faced by adults with pre-existing physical disabilities.

Design: Cross-sectional, exploratory qualitative study. Data were collected by semistructured interviews and analysed thematically.

Throwing Shade at Cyrus: Willingness to Censor Teen Homosexuality in Disney's .

The inclusion of a gay 13-year-old main character (Cyrus Goodman) on the Disney television series prompted social conservatives to call for the show's cancellation due to the alleged negative impact that Cyrus would have on the show's child audience. The present study explored individuals' support for the censorship of television portrayals of teen homosexuality in a sample of 232 United States residents who viewed clips from the series detailing Cyrus' storyline. Results found that censorship support was explained by homonegativity, conservative ideology, and authoritarianism, as well as perceptions that such depictions have a negative impact on the self and others.

Realist evaluation of cancer rehabilitation services in South Wales (REEACaRS): a mixed methods study protocol.

Introduction: Long-term and late effects of cancer treatments can cause functional limitations and reduce quality of life. Cancer rehabilitation services, which can comprise physical exercise, psychological support and educational interventions depending on the individual's needs, have been found to have a positive effect on health-related quality of life worldwide. However, accessibility or the lack of awareness on available help can act as barriers and influence the uptake of services, resulting in people having unmet rehabilitation needs.

Economic Myths Regarding Gay Men and Lesbians.

The present research was aimed at developing a measure of economic myths regarding the gay community. Using undergraduate (N = 332) and Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 212) samples, Study 1 resulted in a 6-item unidimensional and reliable measure, the Economic Myths Regarding Gays Scale (EMGS), that was minimally related to other measures of sexual orientation attitudes. Study 2 (N = 210 undergraduates) found that endorsement of economic myths was associated with system justification beliefs that economic inequalities were natural and due to individual merit; however, general attitudes toward gays showed no such relationships.

Evaluations of Antigay Hate Crimes and Hate Crime Legislation: Independent and Differentially Predicted.

Minimal studies have investigated individuals' evaluations of antigay hate crimes and hate crime legislation simultaneously, with most research focusing on one or the other. In a sample of 246 heterosexual undergraduates, the present study found that evaluations of antigay hate crimes and hate crime legislation were unrelated. Higher social dominance orientation (SDO) and crime control orientation scores were associated with more positive evaluations of antigay hate crimes.

A new survey to evaluate conflict of interest policies at academic medical centers.

Background: A majority of academic medical centers (AMCs) have now adopted conflict of interest policies (COI) to address relationships with pharmaceutical and device industries that can increase the risk of bias in patient care, education and research. However, AMCs may have little information on the impact of their policies. This paper provides a new method, which is a free, publicly-available survey, to fill this information gap and improve COI programs at AMCs.

Understanding the importance of therapeutic relationships in the development of self-management behaviours during cancer rehabilitation: a qualitative research protocol.

Introduction: Cancer is a growing health, social and economic problem. 1 in 3 people in the UK will develop cancer in their lifetime. With survival rates rising to over 50%, the long-term needs of cancer survivors are of growing importance.

Differential macrophage function in Brown Swiss and Holstein Friesian cattle.

There is strong evidence that high yielding dairy cows are extremely susceptible to infectious diseases, and that this has severe economic consequences for the dairy industry and welfare implications. Here we present preliminary functional evidence showing that the innate immune response differs between cow breeds. The ability of macrophages (MØ) to kill pathogens depends in part on oxygen-dependent and independent mechanisms.

The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor regulates human fetal lung development via CFTR.

Optimal fetal lung growth requires anion-driven fluid secretion into the lumen of the developing organ. The fetus is hypercalcemic compared to the mother and here we show that in the developing human lung this hypercalcaemia acts on the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR, to promote fluid-driven lung expansion through activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR. Several chloride channels including TMEM16, bestrophin, CFTR, CLCN2 and CLCA1, are also expressed in the developing human fetal lung at gestational stages when CaSR expression is maximal.

The dimensionality of defense-mechanism parcels in the Defense Style Questionnaire-40.

The Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (DSQ-40; Andrews, Singh, & Bond, 1993) uses pairs of items to measure 20 individual defense mechanisms. In a statistical sense, these item pairs represent parcels and are subject to the standards of unidimensionality demanded of parcels in general. Using a 2-facet modeling approach (N = 672), the present study examined the dimensionality of the defense-mechanism parcels in the DSQ-40 and found that the majority of the parcels did not satisfy the criteria for unidimensionality.

Error recovery by dialysis technicians.

Experts are believed to make fewer errors than novices. Researchers in other domains have shown that experts not only make less errors, they also detect and recover from these errors better than non-experts. To investigate this phenomenon among dialysis technicians working in hemodialysis, we evaluated the ability of dialysis technicians to detect and recover from healthcare errors.

Addressing the employment-related needs of cancer survivors.

Background: Increasingly, people diagnosed with cancer are surviving and continuing to participate in the work force. This trend brings with it new issues regarding survivors' employment-related needs.

Objective: The research team's objective is to explore cancer survivors' employment-related needs and supports with the ultimate goal of developing a training intervention for them.

A reproductive threat-based model of evolved sex differences in jealousy.

Although heterosexual women and men consistently demonstrate sex differences in jealousy, these differences disappear among lesbians and gay men as well as among heterosexual women and men contemplating same-sex infidelities (infidelities in which the partner and rival are the same sex). Synthesizing these past findings, the present paper offers a reproductive threat-based model of evolved sex differences in jealousy that predicts that the sexes will differ only when the jealous perceivers' reproductive outcomes are differentially at risk. This model is supported by data from a web-based study in which lesbians, gay men, bisexual women and men, and heterosexual women and men responded to a hypothetical infidelity scenario with the sex of the rival randomly determined.

Error detection and recovery in dialysis nursing.

Objectives: Our aim for this study was to evaluate dialysis nurses' ability to detect and recover from nursing errors.

Methods: Two clinical cases with a total of 12 embedded errors were constructed. The errors were based on real events but were modified for the experimental design by an expert dialysis nurse.

Alveolar epithelial CNGA1 channels mediate cGMP-stimulated, amiloride-insensitive, lung liquid absorption.

Impairment of lung liquid absorption can lead to severe respiratory symptoms, such as those observed in pulmonary oedema. In the adult lung, liquid absorption is driven by cation transport through two pathways: a well-established amiloride-sensitive Na(+) channel (ENaC) and, more controversially, an amiloride-insensitive channel that may belong to the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel family. Here, we show robust CNGA1 (but not CNGA2 or CNGA3) channel expression principally in rat alveolar type I cells; CNGA3 was expressed in ciliated airway epithelial cells.