Effect of Pre-Processing Treatment and Concentration of , , and Varieties on Texture and Consumer Attribute Preference of Crackers.

This study investigates the effects of three brown seaweed species (, , and ), their pre-processing treatments, and incorporation percentages on the physical and sensory properties of crackers. Significant ( ≤ 0.001) two-way and three-way interactions were observed for moisture content, with seaweed addition generally resulting in drier crackers.

Effect of fermentation, malting and ultrasonication on sorghum, mopane worm and : improvement in their nutritional, techno-functional and health promoting properties.

Background: Food processing offers various benefits that contribute to food nutrition, food security and convenience. This study investigated the effect of three different processes (fermentation, malting and ultrasonication) on the nutritional, techno-functional and health-promoting properties of sorghum, mopane worm and

Methods: The fermented and malted flours were prepared at 35°C for 48 h, and for ultrasonication, samples were subjected to 10 min at 4°C with amplitudes of 40-70 Hz. The biochemical, nutritional quality and techno-functional properties of the obtained flours were analysed using standard procedures.

Short-term germinated legume flours as functional ingredients in food products.

Unlocking the potential of legumes through short-term germination offers an innovative approach to improving the functionality of the resultant flour. This review examines the multifaceted benefits of short-term germinated legume flour, emphasizing the enzymatic activities that breakdown complex legume compounds into simpler forms and reduce anti-nutritional factors. This process improves digestibility, nutrient bioavailability, and health-promoting properties.

Flour Functionality, Nutritional Composition, and In Vitro Protein Digestibility of Wheat Cookies Enriched with Decolourised Leaf Powder.

This study investigated the potential of decolourised leaf powder (D-MOLP) in cookies to meet consumer demand for healthier food options, addressing the issue of low acceptability due to its green colour. D-MOLP and its non-decolourised counterpart (ND-MOLP) were incorporated into wheat flour to produce cookies. The results showed that neither decolourisation nor addition level (2.

Minimizing Variability in Developmental Fear Studies in Mice: Toward Improved Replicability in the Field.

In rodents, the first weeks of postnatal life feature remarkable changes in fear memory acquisition, retention, extinction, and discrimination. Early development is also marked by profound changes in brain circuits underlying fear memory processing, with heightened sensitivity to environmental influences and stress, providing a powerful model to study the intersection between brain structure, function, and the impacts of stress. Nevertheless, difficulties related to breeding and housing young rodents, preweaning manipulations, and potential increased variability within that population pose considerable challenges to developmental fear research.

Physicochemical properties, anti-nutritional and bioactive constituents, in vitro digestibility, and techno-functional properties of bioprocessed whole wheat flour.

This study investigated the impact of bioprocessing techniques (germination, solid-state fermentation, the combination of germination, and solid-state fermentation) on the physicochemical properties, anti-nutritional and bioactive constituents, in vitro digestibility, and techno-functional properties of whole wheat grains were investigated. Bioprocessed whole wheat flour (WWF) samples and the raw flour (control) were prepared using standard procedures. Proximate, anti-nutritional, mineral and amino acid (AA) compositions, protein digestibility, antioxidant activities, starch characteristics, and techno-functional properties were studied using standard methods.

Dorsal peduncular cortex activity modulates affective behavior and fear extinction in mice.

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is critical to cognitive and emotional function and underlies many neuropsychiatric disorders, including mood, fear and anxiety disorders. In rodents, disruption of mPFC activity affects anxiety- and depression-like behavior, with specialized contributions from its subdivisions. The rodent mPFC is divided into the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), spanning the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsal prelimbic cortex (PL), and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which includes the ventral PL, infralimbic cortex (IL), and in some studies the dorsal peduncular cortex (DP) and dorsal tenia tecta (DTT).

Impact of germination on the techno-functional properties, nutritional composition, and health-promoting compounds of brown rice and its products: A review.

Rice is a popular grain and forms part of the daily diet of people throughout the world. However, the consumption of rice and its products is sometimes limited by its high glycemic index due to its high starch content, low protein content and quality, and low bioavailability of minerals due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors. This has partly stimulated research interest in recent times toward the use of bioprocessing techniques such as germination as cheap and natural means to improve the nutritional quality, digestibility, and health properties of cereals, including rice, to partially achieve nutrition and food security in the developing regions of the world.

Sensory and affective response to chocolate differing in cocoa content: A TDS and facial electromyography approach.

Existing research has offered insight into facial activities and their associations with hedonic liking during the consumption of basic food samples and suggests facial changes during consumption are linked to the hedonic evaluation of tastes and, thus related to the taster's perception rather than the tastes themselves. This study tests whether, during the consumption of commercially available dark chocolate, a complex food product, which can be high in bitterness but expectedly so, how facial activities are linked to the bitterness levels and the hedonic liking of the samples. To do this we carried out two studies with untrained consumers, the first of which captured temporally dynamic sensory perception during the consumption of dark chocolate samples of 36% and 85% cocoa content, using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) approach.

The relationship between tendency to attend to detail, sensory sensitivity, and affective response to food cues - A registered report.

Understanding the underlying drivers of food choice remains a challenge and has highlighted the need for measures that capture data over and above that offered by self-reporting tools. Consequently, a growing body of research has set out to interpret facial responses to food cues to offer a greater insight into the emotional responses that may drive food acceptance. However, interpreting facial responses is challenging, as there are numerous factors that may influence affective response to foods, including expectation, context, and individual differences.

Ontogeny of spontaneous recognition memory in rodents.

Spontaneous recognition memory tasks explore thewhat,whereandwhencomponents of recognition memory. These tasks are widely used in rodents to assess cognitive function across the lifespan. While several neurodevelopmental and mental disorders present symptom onset in early life, very little is known about how memories are expressed in early life, and as a consequence how they may be affected in pathological conditions.

Multiscale multiphysics data-informed modeling for three-dimensional ocean acoustic simulation and prediction.

Three-dimensional (3D) underwater sound field computations have been used for a few decades to understand sound propagation effects above sloped seabeds and in areas with strong 3D temperature and salinity variations. For an approximate simulation of effects in nature, the necessary 3D sound-speed field can be made from snapshots of temperature and salinity from an operational data-driven regional ocean model. However, these models invariably have resolution constraints and physics approximations that exclude features that can have strong effects on acoustics, example features being strong submesoscale fronts and nonhydrostatic nonlinear internal waves (NNIWs).

Effects of acute olanzapine exposure on central insulin-mediated regulation of whole body fuel selection and feeding.

The use of antipsychotics is associated with severe disruptions in whole body glucose and lipid metabolism which may in part occur through the central nervous system and impaired insulin action at the brain. Here we investigated whether olanzapine treatment might also affect the ability of central insulin treatment to regulate food intake and fuel preference in the light and dark cycle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with olanzapine (or vehicle solution; 3 mg/kg, subcutaneous) and a simultaneous acute intracerebral ventricular (ICV) infusion of insulin (or vehicle; 3 μL at 10mU; ICV) at the beginning of the 12-h light and dark cycles.

Evaluating and Optimizing the Diagnosis of Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea.

Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea is the most prevalent rosacea subtype. Multiple dermatologic conditions may mimic erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. The authors review a comprehensive approach to evaluating subjects with a suspected diagnosis of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and discuss findings that may warrant further investigation.

Impact of rapeseed press-cake on Maillard reaction in a cookie model system.

Rapeseed press-cake (RPC) is a byproduct of rapeseed oil production, rich in proteins and fiber. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of cold pressed RPC, RPC fiber isolate and RPC alkaline extract on the formation of acrylamide and 5-hydroxymethylfufural (HMF) in cookies. Both compounds were influenced by the ingredients: the addition of RPC led to a significant dose-dependent increase of HMF in the cookies and to an increase of acrylamide up to 66.

Chesapeake Bay nitrogen fluxes derived from a land-estuarine ocean biogeochemical modeling system: Model description, evaluation, and nitrogen budgets.

The Chesapeake Bay plays an important role in transforming riverine nutrients before they are exported to the adjacent continental shelf. Although the mean nitrogen budget of the Chesapeake Bay has been previously estimated from observations, uncertainties associated with interannually varying hydrological conditions remain. In this study, a land-estuarine-ocean biogeochemical modeling system is developed to quantify Chesapeake riverine nitrogen inputs, within-estuary nitrogen transformation processes and the ultimate export of nitrogen to the coastal ocean.

Dissolved organic carbon fluxes in the Middle Atlantic Bight: An integrated approach based on satellite data and ocean model products.

Continental margins play an important role in global carbon cycle, accounting for 15-21% of the global marine primary production. Since carbon fluxes across continental margins from land to the open ocean are not well constrained, we undertook a study to develop satellite algorithms to retrieve dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and combined these satellite data with physical circulation model products to quantify the shelf boundary fluxes of DOC for the U.S.

Characterization of a Case of Pigmentary Retinopathy in Sanfilippo Syndrome Type IIIA Associated with Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the SGSH Gene.

Purpose: To report longitudinal phenotypic findings in a patient with Sanfilippo syndrome type IIIA, harboring SGSH mutations, one of which is novel.

Methods: Heparan-N-sulfatidase enzyme function testing in skin fibroblasts and white blood cells and SGSH gene sequencing were obtained. Clinical office examinations, examinations under anesthesia, electroretinogram, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and fundus photography were performed over a 5-year period.

Acne severity grading: determining essential clinical components and features using a Delphi consensus.

Background: There are multiple global scales for acne severity grading but no singular standard.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the essential clinical components (content items) and features (property-related items) for an acne global grading scale for use in research and clinical practice using an iterative method, the Delphi process.

Methods: Ten acne experts were invited to participate in a Web-based Delphi survey comprising 3 iterative rounds of questions.

Adderall induced inverted-Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Introduction: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy (TTC), also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy, was initially described in Japan in 1990. Both illicit and prescription drugs have added to the growing list of insulting stressors. We describe an interesting case of atypical TTC triggered by adderall overdose.

Modeling the dynamics of continental shelf carbon.

Continental margin systems are important contributors to global nutrient and carbon budgets. Effort is needed to quantify this contribution and how it will be modified under changing patterns of climate and land use. Coupled models will be used to provide projections of future states of continental margin systems.