Passive infusion of an S2-Stem broadly neutralizing antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and lower airway inflammation in rhesus macaques.

The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants capable of subverting vaccine and infection-induced immunity suggests the advantage of a broadly protective vaccine against betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). Recent studies have isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered-vaccinated donors capable of neutralizing many variants of SARS-CoV-2 and other β-CoVs. Many of these mAbs target the conserved S2 stem region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, rather than the receptor binding domain contained within S1 primarily targeted by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Can Contrast-Enhanced Mammography Improve Positive Predictive Value for Diagnostic Workup of Suspicious Findings? A Single-Arm Prospective Study.

Objective: To assess the positive predictive value-3 (PPV3) and negative predictive value (NPV) of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) when added to the diagnostic workup of suspicious breast findings.

Methods: This prospective study was IRB approved. We recruited 99 women with abnormal findings on digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and/or US to undergo CEM prior to biopsy.

Passive infusion of an S2-Stem broadly neutralizing antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection and lower airway inflammation in rhesus macaques.

The continued evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants capable of subverting vaccine and infection-induced immunity suggests the advantage of a broadly protective vaccine against betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs). Recent studies have isolated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered-vaccinated donors capable of neutralizing many variants of SARS-CoV-2 and other β-CoVs. Many of these mAbs target the conserved S2 stem region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, rather the receptor binding domain contained within S1 primarily targeted by current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Congenital Cytomegalovirus Testing Outcomes From the ValEAR Trial.

Objective: To determine the positivity rate of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) testing among universal, hearing-targeted CMV testing (HT-cCMV) and delayed targeted dried blood spot (DBS) testing newborn screening programs, and to examine the characteristics of successful HT-cCMV testing programs.

Study Design: Prospective survey of birth hospitals performing early CMV testing.

Setting: Multiple institutions.

Accuracy of enteric methane emission models for cattle in sub-Saharan Africa: status quo and the way forward.

Cattle emit over 65% of enteric methane (CH4) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), making them the focus of many mitigation strategies targeting livestock emissions. Since measured feed intake data are sparse, emission factors for enteric CH4 (EFCH4) are mainly estimated indirectly from gross energy intake (GEI) using the net energy (NE) requirements for different metabolic processes in cattle. However, all NE requirement systems commonly used for cattle in SSA were developed for cattle in temperate regions.

Comparison of first-pass intubation success rates between two different videolaryngoscopes in an Australian prehospital and retrieval medicine service.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the GlideScope Go videolaryngoscope (VL) in tracheal intubation in an Australian physician-staffed critical care prehospital and retrieval medicine service.

Methods: Our service has used VLs for several years, including the McGrath Mac, and from February 2019 the GlideScope Go. Clinicians may alternatively use direct laryngoscopy with a Macintosh laryngoscope.

Optimization of Extraction Process and Dynamic Changes in Triterpenoids of from Different Medicinal Parts and Growth Periods.

In this study, the triterpenoids in the leaves of L.cv. Mengzao (LIM) were extracted via microwave-assisted ethanol extraction, and the optimum extraction conditions for triterpenoids were determined through single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken method.

Providing telemedicine services to persons living with HIV in an urban community: a demonstration project.

Although HIV incidence and mortality rates have declined over the past 20 years, HIV health disparities continue to persist among patients living in urban communities. Barriers to proficient health outcomes for persons with HIV (PWH) in urban communities include lack of access to care, resulting from limited transportation or clinic availability. While healthcare systems in rural communities provide telemedicine (TM) services to PWH to eliminate transportation and accessibility barriers, few examples exist regarding TM use for PWH in urban communities.

Utilization of HIV Prevention, Care, and Treatment Services Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Persons of Color in the U.S. South: A Qualitative Analysis.

To better understand utilization of HIV prevention, care, and treatment services by young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and young transgender persons (YTG), of Black race or Hispanic/Latino/Latina ethnicity in the U.S. South, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 127 clients at one of four community based organizations (CBOs) in Miami, Atlanta, New Orleans/Baton Rouge, or Columbia, South Carolina.

Towards Reverse Vaccinology for Bovine TB: High Throughput Expression of Full Length Recombinant Proteins.

Bovine tuberculosis caused by , is a significant global pathogen causing economic loss in livestock and zoonotic TB in man. Several vaccine approaches are in development including reverse vaccinology which uses an unbiased approach to select open reading frames (ORF) of potential vaccine candidates, produce them as recombinant proteins and assesses their immunogenicity by direct immunization. To provide feasibility data for this approach we have cloned and expressed 123 ORFs from the genome, using a mixture of and insect cell expression.

HIV Testing Program Activities and Challenges in Four U.S. Urban Areas.

The national "Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America" supports expanded testing in jurisdictions and groups with disproportionate HIV burden. Public health planners benefit from learning HIV testing service (HTS) strengths, challenges, and innovations. We conducted semistructured interviews with 120 HTS staff from local health departments, community-based organizations, and community members in Houston, Texas; Miami, Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; and Washington, DC.

Expanding PrEP Services for Men Who Have Sex With Men and Transgender Persons Through Health Department Programs: Key Processes and Outcomes From Project PrIDE, 2015-2019.

Objective: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) Implementation, Data to Care, and Evaluation (PrIDE) was a demonstration project implemented by 12 state and local health departments during 2015-2019 to expand PrEP services for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender persons at risk for HIV infection. We describe findings from the cross-jurisdictional evaluation of the project.

Methods: We analyzed work plans, annual progress reports, and aggregate quantitative program data submitted by funded health departments (n = 12) to identify key activities implemented and summarize key project outcomes.

An assessment of introducers used for airway management.

Different introducers are available to assist with tracheal intubation. Subtle differences in the design of introducers can have a marked effect on safety and performance. The Difficult Airway Society's Airway Device Evaluation Project Team proposal states that devices should only be purchased for which there is at least a case-control study on patients assessing airway devices.

Development of Fluoride Protective Values for Aquatic Life Using Empirical Bioavailability Models.

The derivation of protective values for aquatic life can be enhanced by the development and use of bioavailability models. Recent advances to metals bioavailability modeling are applicable to other analyte groups and should be widely considered. We conducted a meta-analysis of the available aquatic toxicity literature for fluoride to evaluate the utility of hardness, alkalinity, and chloride as toxicity-modifying factors (TMFs) in empirical bioavailability models of freshwater taxa.

3D Harmonic and Subharmonic Imaging for Characterizing Breast Lesions: A Multi-Center Clinical Trial.

Objective: Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer among women. This multi-center study assessed the ability of 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound to characterize suspicious breast lesions using clinical assessments and quantitative parameters.

Methods: Women with suspicious breast lesions scheduled for biopsy were enrolled in this prospective, study.

Co-Designing Health Service Evaluation Tools That Foreground First Nation Worldviews for Better Mental Health and Wellbeing Outcomes.

It is critical that health service evaluation frameworks include Aboriginal people and their cultural worldviews from design to implementation. During a large participatory action research study, Elders, service leaders and Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal researchers co-designed evaluation tools to test the efficacy of a previously co-designed engagement framework. Through a series of co-design workshops, tools were built using innovative collaborative processes that foregrounded Aboriginal worldviews.

Ergonomics in the anaesthetic workplace: Guideline from the Association of Anaesthetists.

Ergonomics in relation to anaesthesia is the scientific study of the interaction between anaesthetists and their workspace environment in order to promote safety, performance and well-being. The foundation for avoiding pain or discomfort at work is to adopt and maintain a good posture, whether sitting or standing. Anaesthetists should aim to keep their posture as natural and neutral as possible.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in healthcare heating, ventilation, and air conditioning units.

Evidence continues to grow supporting the aerosol transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To assess the potential role of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in airborne viral transmission, this study sought to determine the viral presence, if any, on air handling units in a healthcare setting where coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were being treated. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in approximately 25% of samples taken from ten different locations in multiple air handlers.

The Effect of Chronic Preoperative Opioid Use on Surgical Site Infections, Length of Stay, and Readmissions.

Background: Chronic opioid use in the United States is a well-recognized public health concern with many negative downstream consequences. Few data exist regarding the use of preoperative opioids in relation to outcomes after elective colorectal surgery.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if chronic opioid use before colorectal surgery is associated with a detriment in postoperative outcomes.

Air warming and CO enrichment cause more ammonia volatilization from rice paddies: An OTC field study.

Ammonia (NH) volatilization in rice paddies may be affected by elevated atmospheric CO concentration ([CO]) and temperature due to changes in plant and soil nitrogen (N) metabolism. At present, little is known about the individual and combined effects of CO enrichment and warming on NH volatilization under field conditions. An experiment was conducted in a rice paddy in Central China, after 4 years of warming and CO enrichment using open-top chamber (OTC) devices.

STEPS to Care: Translating an Evidence-Informed HIV Care Coordination Program Into a Field-Tested Online Practice Improvement Toolkit.

Increasing care engagement is essential to meet HIV prevention goals and achieve viral suppression. It is difficult, however, for agencies to establish the systems and practice improvements required to ensure coordinated care, especially for clients with complex health needs. We describe the theory-driven, field-informed transfer process used to translate key components of the evidence-informed Ryan White Part A New York City Care Coordination Program into an online practice improvement toolkit, STEPS to Care (StC), with the potential to support broader dissemination.