Risk factors for cluster outbreaks of avian influenza A H5N1 infection, Indonesia.

Background: By 30 July 2009, Indonesia had reported 139 outbreaks of avian influenza (AI) H5N1 infection in humans. Risk factors for case clustering remain largely unknown. This study assesses risk factors for cluster outbreaks and for secondary case infection.

Factors associated with case fatality of human H5N1 virus infections in Indonesia: a case series.

Background: Indonesia has had the most human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) and one of the highest case-fatality rates worldwide. We described the factors associated with H5N1 case-fatality in Indonesia.

Methods: Between June, 2005, and February, 2008, there were 127 confirmed H5N1 infections.