What is the impact of personal care products selection on greywater characteristics and reuse?

Accounting for up to three quarters of the wastewater volume resulting from domestic activities but containing only a third of its organic content, greywater is seen as an alternative water source for non-potable reuse. This unique study explores the question whether consumers' product selection could affect the treatability and reuse of bathroom greywater. Fifty five personal care and household products (PCHP) were analysed for their effects on a range of water quality parameters including their aquatic and soil toxicity using Microtox® and MicroResp™.

Inactivation of pathogens in ecological sanitation latrines in Malawi: An observational follow up study.

Introduction: In Malawi, EcoSan sludge from ecological sanitation (EcoSan) latrines has been found to contain helminths, and above WHO recommended levels making sludge unsuitable for direct handling and use on food crops. This research investigated survival of pathogens in EcoSan sludge with time after sealing the pit.

Method: An observational longitudinal follow-up study was conducted where EcoSan latrines were followed from August 2015 to July 2016 in Blantyre and Chikwawa in Southern Malawi.

Estimating the Health Risk Associated with the Use of Ecological Sanitation Toilets in Malawi.

Use of Ecological Sanitation (EcoSan) sludge is becoming popular due to increasing price of organic fertilizers in Malawi; however, there is little evidence on the associated risks. Quantitative microbiological risk assessment (QMRA) was done to determine health risks associated with use of EcoSan. Pathogens considered included , and soil transmitted helminths (STHs).

Is there a difference in prevalence of helminths between households using ecological sanitation and those using traditional pit latrines? A latrine based cross sectional comparative study in Malawi.

Background: Studies have shown that households using sludge from human excreta for agriculture are at an increased risk of soil transmitted helminths. However, while use of ecological sanitation (EcoSan) latrines is increasing in most African countries including Malawi, few studies have been done to check whether use of such sludge could potentially increase the prevalence of helminthic infections among household members as a results of exposure to faecal sludge/compared to use of traditional latrines.

Methods: A cross sectional study was done targeting households using EcoSan and traditional pit latrines.