Moral orientations in psychology: contrasting theoretical perspectives.

Background: The relational development systems (RDS) metamodel embodies a newly recognized scientific paradigm that stands in contrast to the nature-nurture split. It suggests that the bidirectional relationship between an organism and its environment must be the central focus of scientific inquiry.

Main Body: RDS theorists suggest scientists have a moral obligation to benefit human kind.

Clostridium scindens ATCC 35704: Integration of Nutritional Requirements, the Complete Genome Sequence, and Global Transcriptional Responses to Bile Acids.

In the human gut, ATCC 35704 is a predominant bacterium and one of the major bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating anaerobes. While this organism is well-studied relative to bile acid metabolism, little is known about the basic nutrition and physiology of ATCC 35704. To determine the amino acid and vitamin requirements of , the leave-one-out (one amino acid group or vitamin) technique was used to eliminate the nonessential amino acids and vitamins.

Toxic by design? Formation of thermal degradants and cyanide from carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoids CUMYL-PICA, 5F-CUMYL-PICA, AMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-FUBINACA, NNEI, and MN-18 during exposure to high temperatures.

Purpose: The use of novel synthetic cannabinoids as intoxicants continues in spite of associated health risks. These compounds are typically smoked or vaporized, but many synthetic cannabinoids contain thermally labile chemical moieties. This study investigated the thermal stability six carboxamide-type synthetic cannabinoids (CUMYL-PICA, 5F-CUMYL-PICA, AMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-FUBINACA, NNEI, and MN-18) in order to characterise potential user exposure to thermolysis products.

The mediating effect of coping styles and self-efficacy between perceived stress and satisfaction with QOL in Chinese adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: (a) To explore the effect of perceived stress on satisfaction with quality of life (QOL) among Chinese adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D); and (b) to determine if coping styles and self-efficacy are mediators of the association between perceived stress and satisfaction with QOL.

Background: Adolescents with T1D experience ongoing stress related to a complex treatment regimen and live with a condition that differentiates them from their peers. It is important to know how adolescents with T1D cope with the stress and what psychosocial attributes contribute to satisfaction with QOL.

Synthetic Cannabinoid Hydroxypentyl Metabolites Retain Efficacy at Human Cannabinoid Receptors.

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) are novel psychoactive substances that are easily acquired, widely abused as a substitute for cannabis, and associated with cardiotoxicity and seizures. Although the structural bases of these compounds are scaffolds with known affinity and efficacy at the human cannabinoid type-1 receptor (hCB), upon ingestion or inhalation they can be metabolized to multiple chemical entities of unknown pharmacological activity. A large proportion of these metabolites are hydroxylated on the pentyl chain, a key substituent that determines receptor affinity and selectivity.

Bivalirudin versus heparin in patients undergoing percutaneous peripheral interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Bivalirudin may be an effective alternative anticoagulant to heparin for use in percutaneous peripheral interventions. We aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin versus heparin as the procedural anticoagulant agent in patients undergoing percutaneous peripheral intervention.

Methods: For this meta-analysis and systematic review, we conducted a search in PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane for all the clinical studies in which bivalirudin was compared to heparin as the procedural anticoagulant in percutaneous peripheral interventions.

Sex, THC, and hormones: Effects on density and sensitivity of CB cannabinoid receptors in rats.

Background: The recent NIH mandate to consider sex as a biological variable in preclinical research has focused attention on delineation of sex differences in behavior. To investigate mechanisms underlying sex differences in Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) effects, we examined the effects of sex and gonadal hormones on CB receptors in cerebellum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and striatum.

Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent gonadectomy (GDX) or sham-GDX.

Publisher Correction: 3D Shape Modeling for Cell Nuclear Morphological Analysis and Classification.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Fatigue after breast cancer treatment: Biobehavioral predictors of fatigue trajectories.

Objective: Fatigue is a common side effect of cancer treatment, but there is considerable variability in fatigue severity and persistence among survivors. This study aimed to characterize longitudinal trajectories of fatigue after breast cancer treatment and to identify predictors of varying fatigue trajectories.

Methods: Women (N = 191) from the Mind-Body Study completed assessments after primary treatment for early stage breast cancer and at regular follow-ups that occurred up to 6 years after treatment (M = 4.

Chronic stress and intestinal permeability: Lubiprostone regulates glucocorticoid receptor-mediated changes in colon epithelial tight junction proteins, barrier function, and visceral pain in the rodent and human.

Background: Chronic psychological stress is associated with increased intestinal epithelial permeability and visceral hyperalgesia. Lubiprostone, an agonist for chloride channel-2, promotes secretion and accelerates restoration of injury-induced epithelial barrier dysfunction. The mechanisms underlying how lubiprostone regulates colon epithelial barrier function and visceral hyperalgesia in chronic stress remain unknown.

The effects of interpersonal emotional expression, partner responsiveness, and emotional approach coping on stress responses.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in on Sep 5 2019 (see record 2019-52812-001). In the article, two text call outs for figures are incorrect. At the end of the "Negative emotional responses" section under the "Psychological Stress Responses" heading, "(see Figure 7)" should have been deleted.

Cancer-related coping processes as predictors of depressive symptoms, trajectories, and episodes.

Objective: Although numerous studies address the relationships of depression with coping processes directed toward approaching or avoiding stressful experiences, the large majority are cross-sectional in design, assess coping processes at only one timepoint, or solely include prediction of the linear slope of depressive symptoms. In this research, coping processes were investigated as predictors of depressive symptoms, symptom trajectory classes (consistently high, recovery, consistently low), and major depressive episodes (MDEs) over 12 months in the cancer context.

Method: Women (N = 460) within 4 months of breast cancer diagnosis completed assessments of cancer-related coping processes, depressive symptoms, and MDEs at 7 points across 1 year.

Hypothesis: Caco-2 cell rotational 3D mechanogenomic turing patterns have clinical implications to colon crypts.

Colon crypts are recognized as a mechanical and biochemical Turing patterning model. Colon epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer demonstrated 2D Turing patterns via force analysis of apical tight junction live cell imaging which illuminated actomyosin meshwork linking the actomyosin network of individual cells. Actomyosin forces act in a mechanobiological manner that alters cell/nucleus/tissue morphology.

Cannabidiol modulation of antinociceptive tolerance to Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol.

Rationale: Humans typically self-administer cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) together repeatedly (as in cannabis, cannabis extract, or Sativex®) to relieve pain. It has been suggested that one benefit of the drug combination may be decreased tolerance development.

Objective: The present study compared the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of THC given alone versus combined with CBD, in rats.

3D Shape Modeling for Cell Nuclear Morphological Analysis and Classification.

Quantitative analysis of morphological changes in a cell nucleus is important for the understanding of nuclear architecture and its relationship with pathological conditions such as cancer. However, dimensionality of imaging data, together with a great variability of nuclear shapes, presents challenges for 3D morphological analysis. Thus, there is a compelling need for robust 3D nuclear morphometric techniques to carry out population-wide analysis.

Diarylureas Containing 5-Membered Heterocycles as CB Receptor Allosteric Modulators: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation.

Allosteric modulators have attracted significant interest as an alternate strategy to modulate CB receptor signaling for therapeutic benefits that may avoid the adverse effects associated with orthosteric ligands. Here we extended our previous structure-activity relationship studies on the diarylurea-based CB negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) by introducing five-membered heterocycles to replace the 5-pyrrolidinylpyridinyl group in PSNCBAM-1 (1), one of the first generation CB allosteric modulators. Many of these compounds had comparable potency to 1 in blocking the CB agonist CP55,940 stimulated calcium mobilization and [S]GTP-γ-S binding.

Outcomes of an early childhood obesity prevention program in a low-income community: a pilot, randomized trial.

Background: Obesity is a major and worldwide health problem in children.

Objectives: The Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Program is a multi-component, randomized, controlled trial of a pilot community-focused obesity prevention program for mother/newborn dyads.

Methods: Underserved, mother/newborn dyads were recruited to receive a standard home visitation program (Nurturing Families Network, NFN) or an enhanced program (NFN+) that incorporated behavioural change strategies (e.

Changing medical student attitudes to patient safety: a multicentre study.

Background: Although patient safety is becoming widely taught in medical schools, its effect has been less rigorously evaluated. We describe a multicentre study to evaluate student changes in patient safety attitudes using a standardised instrument, the Attitudes to Patient Safety Questionnaire3 (APSQ3).

Methods: A patient safety training package designed for medical students was delivered in the first year and second year in four Australian medical schools.

P2X7 as a scavenger receptor for innate phagocytosis in the brain.

The P2X7 receptor has been widely studied for its ATP-induced pro-inflammatory effect, but in the absence of a ligand, P2X7 has a second function as a scavenger receptor, which is active in the development of the human brain. The scavenger activity of P2X7 is only evident in the absence of serum but is fully active in cerebrospinal fluid. P2X7 on the cell surface is present as a membrane complex, and an attachment to non-muscle myosin of the cytoskeleton is required for particle engulfment.

: An Package for Facilitating Large-Scale Latent Variable Analyses in .

is a package for that facilitates complex latent variable analyses in involving comparisons among many models and parameters. More specifically, provides tools to accomplish three objectives: to create and manage syntax for groups of related models; to automate the estimation of many models; and to extract, aggregate, and compare fit statistics, parameter estimates, and ancillary model outputs. We provide an introduction to the package using applied examples including a large-scale simulation study.

Both attentional control and the ability to make remote associations aid spontaneous analogical transfer.

Given the widespread belief that analogical processing is an important mechanism for creative problem solving, despite the rarity of spontaneous transfer in laboratory studies, a critical direction for future research is to address which abilities may allow for the spontaneous analogizing between distant (superficially dissimilar) sources and targets. This study explores the role of individual differences in attentional control and the ability to make remote associations and their possible combined effects on spontaneous analogical transfer. Participants attempted to solve Duncker's radiation problem after having been exposed to a distant source as part of an earlier task.

Case report and systematic review of pulmonary embolism mimicking ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Background: To study trends in the clinical presentation, electrocardiograms, and diagnostic imaging in patients with pulmonary embolism presenting as ST segment elevation.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search for all reported cases of pulmonary embolism mimicking ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Pre-specified data such as clinical presentation, electrocardiogram changes, transthoracic echocardiographic findings, cardiac biomarkers, diagnostic imaging, therapy, and outcomes were collected.

Language Trajectories of Children Born Very Preterm and Full Term from Early to Late Childhood.

Objective: To identify distinct language trajectories of children born very preterm and full term from 2 to 13 years of age and examine predictors for the identified trajectories.

Study Design: A cohort of 224 children born very preterm and 77 full term controls recruited at birth were followed up at ages 2, 5, 7, and 13 years. The number of distinct language trajectories was examined using latent growth mixture modeling allowing for linear and quadratic time trends.

The effects of comprehension-test expectancies on metacomprehension accuracy.

A set of four experiments assessed the effects of establishing a comprehension-test expectancy (in contrast to a memory-test expectancy) on relative metacomprehension accuracy. Typically readers show poor relative metacomprehension accuracy while learning from text (i.e.