Transcriptional Pattern Analysis of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Hepatitis C Infection: Increased Expression of TOX and Eomesodermin During and After Persistent Antigen Recognition.

Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box (TOX) has been described to be a key regulator in the formation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with different lengths of antigen exposure in acute, chronic, and after resolution of HCV infection is the ideal immunological model to study the expression of TOX in HCV-specific CD8+ T cells with different exposure to antigen. HCV-specific CD8+ T cells from 35 HLA-A*01:01, HLA-A*02:01, and HLA-A*24:02 positive patients were analyzed with a 16-color FACS-panel evaluating the surface expression of lineage markers (CD3, CD8), ectoenzymes (CD39, CD73), markers of differentiation (CD45RO, CCR7, CD127), and markers of exhaustion and activation (TIGIT, PD-1, KLRG1, CD226) and transcription factors (TOX, Eomesodermin, T-bet).

Myocardial deformation analysis in late-onset small-for-gestational-age and growth-restricted fetuses using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography: a prospective cohort study.

Objectives: An association between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and increased predisposition to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is suggested. The aim of this study was to evaluate subclinical signs of fetal cardiac remodeling in late-onset small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and growth-restricted fetuses using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE).

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study, including 117 late-onset (≥32 weeks) SGA (birthweight≤10th centile) fetuses and 102 gestational age matched controls.

Increased frequency of TIGITCD73-CD8 T cells with a TOX TCF-1low profile in patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed AML.

The inhibitory receptor TIGIT, as well as theectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 constitute potential exhaustion markers for T cells. Detailed analysis of these markers can shed light into dysregulation of the T-cell response in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and will help to identify potential therapeutic targets.  The phenotype and expression of transcription factors was assessed on different T-cell populations derived from peripheral blood (PB, = 38) and bone marrow (BM, = 43).

Perinatal Outcome and its Prediction Using Longitudinal Feto-Maternal Doppler Follow-Up in Late Onset Small for Gestational Age Fetuses - A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose:  To describe the perinatal outcome of a prospective cohort of late-onset small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses and to test adverse perinatal outcome (APO) prediction using Doppler measurements.

Methods:  Singleton pregnancies from 32 weeks with suspicion of SGA (followed-up each 2 weeks) and randomly selected healthy controls at a university hospital were included. The whole SGA group was divided into the FGR subgroup or SGA percentile 3-10 subgroup.

[Endoscopic tunneling procedures in achalasia and gastroparesis].

Since the first publication of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) by Haruhiro Inoue et al. in 2008 in Japan, various novel endoscopic procedures have been established, which are performed after iatrogenic creation of a submucosal tunnel as a "new space" 1. Through the artificially formed access in the tela submucosa, interventions in the muscular layer of the esophagus and stomach can be performed while carefully sparing the mucosal layer 2.

B cell analysis in SARS-CoV-2 versus malaria: Increased frequencies of plasmablasts and atypical memory B cells in COVID-19.

B cells play a central role in antiviral and antiparasitic immunity, not only as producers of antibodies, but also as APCs and mediators of inflammation. In this study, we used 16-color flow cytometry analysis to investigate the frequency, differentiation, and activation status of peripheral B cells of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection or acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria compared with the healthy individuals. As a main result, we observed an increase of the frequency of (CD27, CD21) atypical memory B cells and (CD19, CD27, CD38) plasmablasts in malaria and COVID-19 patients.

Analysis of Co-inhibitory Receptor Expression in COVID-19 Infection Compared to Acute Malaria: LAG-3 and TIM-3 Correlate With T Cell Activation and Course of Disease.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is a severe flu-like illness which is associated with hyperinflammation and immune dysfunction. The virus induces a strong T and B cell response but little is known about the immune pathology of this viral infection. Acute malaria also causes acute clinical illness and is characterized by hyperinflammation due to the strong production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a massive activation of T cells.

Next-Generation Immunosequencing Reveals Pathological T-Cell Architecture in Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Background And Aims: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease that regularly relapses when immunosuppression is tapered. It is thought to be driven by T-cells, whereas the etiologic impact of an apparently deregulated B lineage system, as evidenced by hypergammaglobulinemia and autoantibodies, remains elusive. We set out to investigate T and B cell repertoires supporting chronic inflammation in AIH.

Detection of EXP1-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses Directed Against a Broad Range of Epitopes Including Two Promiscuous MHC Class II Binders During Acute Malaria.

T cells are thought to play a major role in conferring immunity against malaria. This study aimed to comprehensively define the breadth and specificity of the -specific CD4+ T cell response directed against the exported protein 1 (EXP1) in a cohort of patients diagnosed with acute malaria. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 44 patients acutely infected with , and of one patient infected with , were stimulated and cultured with an overlapping set of 31 -specific 13-17-mer peptides covering the entire EXP1 sequence.