Use of "Bug-in-the-Ear" Technology in Improving Pediatric Residents' Skills in Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD.

Objective: To improve pediatric residents' skills in the diagnosis and treatment of children with ADHD by giving real-time feedback utilizing Bug-in-the-Ear technology (BIE).

Methods: This prospective, controlled study had 2 treatment groups and 3 standardized patient (SP) sessions. Session-1 was baseline.

Role of the Water-Metal Ion Bridge in Quinolone Interactions with Gyrase.

Fluoroquinolones are an important class of antibacterials, and rising levels of resistance threaten their clinical efficacy. Gaining a more full understanding of their mechanism of action against their target enzymes-the bacterial type II topoisomerases gyrase and topoisomerase IV-may allow us to rationally design quinolone-based drugs that overcome resistance. As a step toward this goal, we investigated whether the water-metal ion bridge that has been found to mediate the major point of interaction between topoisomerase IV and topoisomerase IV and gyrase, as well as gyrase, exists in gyrase.

Geographic Distribution of Clinical Care for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth.

Objectives: Geographic barriers limit access to clinical care in the United States for transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) youth. Some factors differentiating access to care are variability in state laws/policies, the number of available clinical care programs and mental health providers for TGD youth.

Methods: We aggregated data from the Human Rights Campaign for pediatric clinical care programs for TGD youth, the Movement Advancement Project for state-by-state assessment of gender identity laws and policies, and Psychology Today for mental health providers for TGD youth by state.

Accuracy of online medical information: the case of social media in sickle cell disease.

The medical needs of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) are complex. Patients with SCD experience complications such as recurrent pain episodes and increased hospitalizations. Over 70% of AYA and their parents seek medical information from the Internet; 83% inquire on sites that have interactive/social features, such as Facebook or Twitter, yet accuracy remains unclear.

Baf45a Mediated Chromatin Remodeling Promotes Transcriptional Activation for Osteogenesis and Odontogenesis.

Chromatin remodeling, specifically the tissue-specific regulation in mineralized tissues, is an understudied avenue of gene regulation. Here we show that and , two homologs belong to ATPase-dependent SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, preferentially expressed in osteoblasts and odontoblasts compared to and . Recently, biochemical studies revealed that BAF45A associates with Polybromo-associated BAF (PBAF) complex.

Corrigendum: Ets-2 Propagates IL-6 Trans-Signaling Mediated Osteoclast-Like Changes in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.

Ets-2 Propagates IL-6 Trans-Signaling Mediated Osteoclast-Like Changes in Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblast.

Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) contribute to synovial inflammation and bone destruction by producing a pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the molecular mechanisms through which IL-6 propels RASFs to contribute to bone loss are not fully understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of IL-6 and IL-6 receptor (IL-6/IL-6R)-induced trans-signaling in human RASFs.

Association between computer-aided lung auscultation and treatment failure risk in calves treated for respiratory disease.

The use of computer-aided lung auscultation (CALA, Whisper Veterinary Stethoscope; Merck Animal Health, Madison, New Jersey, USA) is a relatively new approach to assist in confirming the diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). For this prospective cohort study at 1 feedlot in the United States, a CALA score was generated for 2726 feeder cattle (calf-fed Holsteins and mixed-breed beef animals) at the time of the first BRD diagnosis and treatment. All cattle were treated according to the same BRD protocol prescribed for that facility and the protocol was not influenced by the CALA score.

Lef1 expression in fibroblasts maintains developmental potential in adult skin to regenerate wounds.

Scars are a serious health concern for burn victims and individuals with skin conditions associated with wound healing. Here, we identify regenerative factors in neonatal murine skin that transforms adult skin to regenerate instead of only repairing wounds with a scar, without perturbing development and homeostasis. Using scRNA-seq to probe unsorted cells from regenerating, scarring, homeostatic, and developing skin, we identified neonatal papillary fibroblasts that form a transient regenerative cell type that promotes healthy skin regeneration in young skin.

MICROmanagement of Runx2 Function in Skeletal Cells.

Purpose Of Review-: Precise and temporal expression of Runx2 and its regulatory transcriptional network is a key determinant for the intricate cellular and developmental processes in adult bone tissue formation. This review analyzes how microRNA functions to regulate this network, and how dysregulation results in bone disorders.

Recent Findings-: Similar to other biologic processes, microRNA (miRNA/miR) regulation is undeniably indispensable to bone synthesis and maintenance.

Improving Uptake of Hydroxyurea in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: A Retrospective Study of a Clinic-based Change in Consenting Practices.

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) can shorten lives and may result in severe clinical complications. Hydroxyurea (HU) is inexpensive, widely available, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends HU for SCD. Despite these benefits, utilization of HU is low.

The microRNA-23a cluster regulates the developmental HoxA cluster function during osteoblast differentiation.

MicroRNAs (miRs) and Hox transcription factors have decisive roles in postnatal bone formation and homeostasis. analysis identified extensive interaction between HOXA cluster mRNA and microRNAs from the miR-23a cluster. However, Hox regulation by the miR-23a cluster during osteoblast differentiation remains undefined.

Epigenetic remodeling and modification to preserve skeletogenesis in vivo.

Current studies offer little insight on how epigenetic remodeling of bone-specific chromatin maintains bone mass in vivo. Understanding this gap and precise mechanism is pivotal for future therapeutic innovation to prevent bone loss. Recently, we found that low bone mass is associated with decreased H3K27 acetylation (activating histone modification) of bone specific gene promoters.

Runx2 Suppression by miR-342 and miR-363 Inhibits Multiple Myeloma Progression.

In multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells accumulate and proliferate in the bone marrow. Recently, we observed that Runx2, a bone-specific transcription factor, is highly expressed in multiple myeloma cells and is a major driver of multiple myeloma progression in bone. The primary goal of the present study was to identify Runx2-targeting miRNAs that can reduce tumor growth.

Understanding Treatment Adherence With the Health Belief Model in Children With Cystic Fibrosis.

Objective: Children's health beliefs are significantly related to their adherence; however, pediatric literature has rarely tested health-related theories as a whole. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the use of the health belief model (HBM) in understanding children's adherence, both globally and to individual treatment components.

Method: Thirty-three patient-parent dyads completed questionnaires regarding health beliefs and adherence to medical regimens.

Bayesian evaluation of clinical diagnostic test characteristics of visual observations and remote monitoring to diagnose bovine respiratory disease in beef calves.

Accurate diagnosis of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in beef cattle is a critical facet of therapeutic programs through promotion of prompt treatment of diseased calves in concert with judicious use of antimicrobials. Despite the known inaccuracies, visual observation (VO) of clinical signs is the conventional diagnostic modality for BRD diagnosis. Objective methods of remotely monitoring cattle wellness could improve diagnostic accuracy; however, little information exists describing the accuracy of this method compared to traditional techniques.

Right-Sided Congestive Heart Failure in North American Feedlot Cattle.

Background: Anecdotal reports suggest the incidence of right-sided congestive heart failure (RHF) in feedlot cattle is increasing; however, the rate of occurrence and risk factors are largely unknown.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the risk of RHF over time and among feedlots, to characterize some of the risk factors for RHF, and to investigate how risk factors may affect the timing of RHF occurrence.

Animals: The population at risk consisted of 1.

The Role of Stigma in Parental Help-Seeking for Perceived Child Behavior Problems in Urban, Low-Income African American Parents.

Significant numbers of children have diagnosable mental health problems, but only a small proportion of them receive appropriate services. Stigma has been associated with help-seeking for adult mental health problems and for Caucasian parents. The current study aims to understand factors, including stigma, associated with African American parents' help-seeking behavior related to perceived child behavior problems.

CT Radiation Dose Optimization and Tracking Program at a Large Quaternary-Care Health Care System.

Purpose: The authors report the implementation and outcomes of a CT radiation dose optimization and tracking program at a large quaternary-care health care system.

Methods: A committee reviewed, optimized, and released standardized imaging protocols for the most common CT examinations across the health system. Volume CT dose index and dose-length product (DLP) diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) were established, with the goal of decreasing the percentage of outliers (CT scans with DLPs greater than the established DRLs) to <5% of tracked CT examinations.

Perception of primary care pediatricians of effectiveness, acceptability, and availability of mental health services.

Approximately 20% of children in the United States meet the criteria for a psychosocial disorder; however, less than 25% of these children receive psychosocial services. A questionnaire assessed primary care pediatricians' (PCPs) perceptions of effectiveness, availability, and burden of treatment options for children's psychosocial difficulties and parents' acceptance and adherence with these treatments. Repeated measures analysis of variance found that PCPs are more likely to refer children with psychosocial problems to a mental health professional than to prescribe medication.

Impact of location and availability of behavioral health services for children.

Literature suggests advantages for co-locating behavioral health care in primary care. We compared the impact of location of services on attendance at behavioral health appointments when access to care was assured for externalizing behavior problems with referral as usual. Two primary care pediatric practices had an evidence-based parenting program co-located in the practice for parents of children aged 2-12 years and two practices had the program available using an enhanced-referral procedure for locations external to the practices.

The role of stigma in parental help-seeking for child behavior problems.

The present study examined the relationship between stigma and parental help-seeking after controlling for demographics, child behavior, and barriers to treatment. One hundred fifteen parents of children ages 4 to 8 years were surveyed during well-child visits in a rural pediatric primary care practice. Parental perceptions of stigma toward parents and children were both assessed.

Evaluation of the diagnostic and prognostic utility of ultrasonography at first diagnosis of presumptive bovine respiratory disease.

This project investigated the use of ultrasonography at first diagnosis of presumptive early bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot cattle from western Canada. One hundred seventy-four cattle (116 cases and 58 controls) at high risk of developing BRD were enrolled in a prospective longitudinal study over 2 y (2006-2007). Cattle with clinical signs relating to the respiratory system and assessed as sick at the time of feedlot arrival (arrival fever cases) or assessed as sick in the pen 3 to 30 d post-arrival (post-arrival fever cases, post-arrival no fevers cases) were eligible for enrollment.

Comparison of enrofloxacin and ceftiofur sodium for the treatment of relapse of undifferentiated fever/bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle.

This commercial field trial compared the efficacy of enrofloxacin and ceftiofur sodium in beef cattle at high risk of developing undifferentiated fever (UF), also known as bovine respiratory disease (BRD) that received tilmicosin at feedlot arrival, were diagnosed and initially treated for UF with tilmicosin, and subsequently required a second UF treatment (first relapse). Feedlot cattle (n = 463) were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups: ENRO or CEF. Second UF relapse, 3rd UF relapse, overall case fatality and BRD case fatality rates were lower in the ENRO group than in the CEF group (P < 0.