The All Together Group: Co-Designing a Toolkit of Approaches and Resources for End-of-Life Care Planning With People With Intellectual Disabilities in Social Care Settings.

Introduction: Support staff within social care settings have expressed a need for resources to facilitate end-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to co-design a preliminary toolkit of end-of-life care planning approaches and resources that can be implemented in adult social care services for people with intellectual disabilities.

Methods: An adapted Experience-Based Co-Design process was applied to develop a toolkit for end-of-life care planning with people with intellectual disabilities.

The local ordering of polar solvents around crystalline carbon nitride nanosheets in solution.

The crystalline graphitic carbon nitride, poly-triazine imide (PTI) is highly unusual among layered materials since it is spontaneously soluble in aprotic, polar solvents including dimethylformamide (DMF). The PTI material consists of layers of carbon nitride intercalated with LiBr. When dissolved, the resulting solutions consist of dissolved, luminescent single to multilayer nanosheets of around 60-125 nm in diameter and Li+ and Br- ions originating from the intercalating salt.

Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2).

This themed issue explores the different length and timescales that determine the physics and chemistry of a variety of key of materials, explored from the perspective of a wide range of disciplines, including physics, chemistry materials science, Earth science and biochemistry. The topics discussed include catalysis, chemistry under extreme conditions, energy materials, amorphous and liquid structure, hybrid organic materials and biological materials. The issue is in two parts, with this second set of contributions exploring hybrid organic materials, catalysis low-dimensional and graphitic materials, biological materials and naturally occurring, super-hard material as well as dynamic high pressure and new developments in imaging techniques pressure.

Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 1).

This themed issue explores the different length scales and timescales that determine the physics and chemistry of a variety of key materials, explored from the perspective of a wide range of disciplines, including physics, chemistry, materials science, Earth science and biochemistry. The topics discussed include catalysis, chemistry under extreme conditions, energy materials, amorphous and liquid structure, hybrid organic materials and biological materials. The issue is in two parts, with the present part exploring glassy and amorphous systems and materials at high pressure.

Glass transition temperatures and crystallization kinetics of a synthetic, anhydrous, amorphous calcium-magnesium carbonate.

We report the first calorimetric observations of glass transition temperatures and crystallization rates of anhydrous, amorphous calcium-magnesium carbonate using fast scanning differential scanning calorimetry. Hydrous amorphous CaMgCO · 0.5HO (ACMC) solid was precipitated from a MgCl-NaHCO buffered solution, separated from the supernatant, and freeze-dried.

Effect of water on the glass transition of a potassium-magnesium carbonate melt.

Calorimetric measurements of the glass transition temperatures () of hydrous carbonate melts are reported on a near-eutectic composition of 55 mol% KCO - 45 mol% MgCO with up to 42 mol% bulk HO dissolved in the carbonate melt. Hydrous melts were quenched from 750°C to transparent and crystal-free glasses and were subsequently analysed for water content before and after measuring by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition and limited fictive temperatures as a function of the water content were determined at 10 K/min cooling/heating rates resulting in ranging from 245°C at nominally anhydrous conditions to 83°C in the presence of 42 mol% HO in the glass.

Prevalence of moderate or greater permanent childhood hearing impairment and effectiveness of targeted surveillance for babies who pass newborn hearing screening.

Objective: To assess the utility of targeted surveillance for the identification of moderate to profound PCHI in babies who pass newborn hearing screening in England and have risk factors.

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Study Sample: A total of 3,957,891 children born 01/04/2012-31/03/2018 in England.

Clinical and imaging modality factors impacting radiological interpretation of breast screening in young women with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Young women with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have a high risk of developing breast cancer and poorer survival following breast cancer diagnosis. International guidelines recommend commencing breast screening between 30 and 35 years; however, the optimal screening modality is unestablished, and previous reports suggest that breast imaging may be complicated by the presence of intramammary and cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs). The aim of this study was to explore potential barriers to implementation of breast screening for young women with NF1.

Identifying primary and secondary MLH1 epimutation carriers displaying low-level constitutional MLH1 methylation using droplet digital PCR and genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of colorectal cancers.

Background: MLH1 epimutation is characterised by constitutional monoallelic MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, which can cause colorectal cancer (CRC). Tumour molecular profiles of MLH1 epimutation CRCs were used to classify germline MLH1 promoter variants of uncertain significance and MLH1 methylated early-onset CRCs (EOCRCs). Genome-wide DNA methylation and somatic mutational profiles of tumours from two germline MLH1: c.

Resting-state neural correlates of visual Gestalt experience.

Subjective perceptual experience is influenced not only by bottom-up sensory information and experience-based top-down processes, but also by an individual's current brain state. Specifically, a previous study found increased prestimulus insula and intraparietal sulcus (IPS) activity before participants perceived an illusory Gestalt (global) compared with the non-illusory (local) interpretation of a bistable stimulus. That study provided only a snapshot of the brain state that favors the illusory interpretation.

Cd/Pt Precursor Solution for Solar H Production and in situ Photochemical Synthesis of Pt Single-atom Decorated CdS Nanoparticles.

Despite extensive efforts to develop high-performance H evolution catalysts, this remains a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate the use of Cd/Pt precursor solutions for significant photocatalytic H production (154.7 mmol g  h ), removing the need for a pre-synthesized photocatalyst.

Increased insula activity precedes the formation of subjective illusory Gestalt.

The constructive nature of human perception sometimes leads us to perceiving rather complex impressions from simple sensory input: for example, recognizing animal contours in cloud formations or seeing living creatures in shadows of objects. A special type of bistable stimuli gives us a rare opportunity to study the neural mechanisms behind this process. Such stimuli can be visually interpreted either as simple or as more complex illusory content on the basis of the same sensory input.

Additive Manufacturing of Miniaturized Peak Temperature Monitors for In-Pile Applications.

Passive monitoring techniques have been used for peak temperature measurements during irradiation tests by exploiting the melting point of well-characterized materials. Recent efforts to expand the capabilities of such peak temperature detection instrumentation include the development and testing of additively manufactured (AM) melt wires. In an effort to demonstrate and benchmark the performance and reliability of AM melt wires, we conducted a study to compare prototypical standard melt wires to an AM melt wire capsule, composed of printed aluminum, zinc, and tin melt wires.

Reduced B12 uptake and increased gastrointestinal formate are associated with archaeome-mediated breath methane emission in humans.

Background: Methane is an end product of microbial fermentation in the human gastrointestinal tract. This gas is solely produced by an archaeal subpopulation of the human microbiome. Increased methane production has been associated with abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, IBD, CRC or other conditions.

A novel fuel cell design forenergy-dispersive x-ray absorption measurements.

A polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been designed to allowx-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of catalysts. The cell has been developed to operate under standard fuel cell conditions, with elevated temperatures and humidification of the gas-phase reactants, both of which greatly impact the catalyst utilisation. X-ray windows in the endplates of the cell facilitate collection of XAS spectra during fuel cell operation while maintaining good compression in the area of measurement.

The psychological impact and experience of breast cancer screening in young women with an increased risk of breast cancer due to neurofibromatosis type 1.

Women with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have an increased risk of developing early breast cancer with a poorer prognosis compared to the general population. Therefore, international management guidelines recommend regular screening in women with NF1 starting from 30 to 35 years. As the psychological impacts of breast cancer screening in other high-risk populations cannot be extended to women with NF1, due to increased incidence of cognitive and mental health issues, the psychological harms of breast screening in women with NF1 are unknown.

Aquaporin-like water transport in nanoporous crystalline layered carbon nitride.

Designing next-generation fuel cell and filtration devices requires the development of nanoporous materials that allow rapid and reversible uptake and directed transport of water molecules. Here, we combine neutron spectroscopy and first-principles calculations to demonstrate rapid transport of molecular HO through nanometer-sized voids ordered within the layers of crystalline carbon nitride with a polytriazine imide structure. The transport mechanism involves a sequence of molecular orientation reversals directed by hydrogen-bonding interactions as the neutral molecules traverse the interlayer gap and pass through the intralayer voids that show similarities with the transport of water through transmembrane aquaporin channels in biological systems.

Bacterial catabolism of s-triazine herbicides: biochemistry, evolution and application.

The synthetic s-triazines are abundant, nitrogen-rich, heteroaromatic compounds used in a multitude of applications including, herbicides, plastics and polymers, and explosives. Their presence in the environment has led to the evolution of bacterial catabolic pathways in bacteria that allow use of these anthropogenic chemicals as a nitrogen source that supports growth. Herbicidal s-triazines have been used since the mid-twentieth century and are among the most heavily used herbicides in the world, despite being withdrawn from use in some areas due to concern about their safety and environmental impact.