Use of Medications With Somnolence Adverse Effects and Somnolence Symptoms Among Older Adults in the U.S.

Objectives: Nearly half of older adults experience somnolence, but the link between medications with somnolence as an adverse effect and somnolence is unclear. This study investigated the association between polypharmacy and somnolence symptoms (excessive sleepiness or long sleep duration).

Methods: Data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) 2010-2011 was used to examine the concurrent use of medications with potential somnolence as an adverse effect and the prevalence of somnolence symptoms.

Neurologic dance training and home exercise improve motor-cognitive dual-task function similarly, but through potentially different mechanisms, among breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: Initial results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Background: Dual-task function is compromised among individuals with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) and others at risk of developing AD. While exercise has been studied as a therapeutic candidate, the activity of social dance might promote dual-task rehabilitation as well or better than conventional exercise.

Objective: Compare effects of social dance versus home exercise on dual-task function and intervention adherence among individuals with increased risk of developing AD: survivors of breast cancer (BC) with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN).

A Coproduced Family Reporting Intervention to Improve Safety Surveillance and Reduce Disparities.

Objectives: Examine family safety-reporting after implementing a parent-nurse-physician-leader coproduced, health literacy-informed, family safety-reporting intervention for hospitalized families of children with medical complexity.

Methods: We implemented an English and Spanish mobile family-safety-reporting tool, staff and family education, and process for sharing comments with unit leaders on a dedicated inpatient complex care service at a pediatric hospital. Families shared safety concerns via predischarge surveys (baseline and intervention) and mobile tool (intervention).

Safety but limited efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusion for post-transplantation cyclophosphamide-treated patients.

The therapeutic efficacy of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) given after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is limited by risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) effectively prevents severe GVHD, but there are limited data on outcomes of DLIs given to PTCy-treated patients. We reviewed 162 consecutive PTCy-treated patients transplanted between 2015-2022 within the Center for Immuno-Oncology at the National Cancer Institute.

Experimental recreationist noise alters behavior and space use of wildlife.

Providing outdoor recreational opportunities to people and protecting wildlife are dual goals of many land managers. However, recreation is associated with negative effects on wildlife, ranging from increased stress hormones to shifts in habitat use to lowered reproductive success. Noise from recreational activities can be far reaching and have similar negative effects on wildlife, yet the impacts of these auditory encounters are less studied and are often unobservable.

Creating Culturally Adapted Multilingual Materials for Research.

Patients who speak languages other than English are frequently excluded from research. This exclusion exacerbates inequities, biases results, and may violate federal regulations and research ethics. Language justice is the right to communicate in an individual's preferred language to address power imbalances and promote equity.

Pragmatic strategies to address health disparities along the continuum of care in chronic liver disease.

Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities exist in the prevalence and natural history of chronic liver disease, access to care, and clinical outcomes. Solutions to improve health equity range widely, from digital health tools to policy changes. The current review outlines the disparities along the chronic liver disease health care continuum from screening and diagnosis to the management of cirrhosis and considerations of pre-liver and post-liver transplantation.

High-dose alemtuzumab and cyclosporine vs tacrolimus, methotrexate, and sirolimus for chronic graft-versus-host disease prevention.

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a significant problem for patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Although in vivo lymphodepletion for cGVHD prophylaxis has been explored in the myeloablative setting, its effects after reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) are not well described. Patients (N = 83) with hematologic malignancies underwent targeted lymphodepletion chemotherapy followed by a RIC allo-HSCT using peripheral blood stem cells from unrelated donors.

Race/Ethnicity and the Measurement of Cognition in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project: Recommendations for Robustness.

Objectives: In this study, we examine the measurement of cognition in different racial/ethnic groups to move toward a less biased and more inclusive set of measures for capturing cognitive change and decline in older adulthood.

Methods: We use data from Round 2 (N = 3,377) and Round 3 (N = 4,777) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) and examine the study's Survey Adjusted version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-SA). We employ exploratory factor analyses to explore configural invariance by racial/ethnic group.

Shape-Based Measures Improve Scene Categorization.

Converging evidence indicates that deep neural network models that are trained on large datasets are biased toward color and texture information. Humans, on the other hand, can easily recognize objects and scenes from images as well as from bounding contours. Mid-level vision is characterized by the recombination and organization of simple primary features into more complex ones by a set of so-called Gestalt grouping rules.

Partnering for change (P4C) in Sweden- a study protocol of a collaborative school-based service delivery model to create inclusive learning environments.

Background: Inclusive learning environments are considered as crucial for children's engagement with learning and participation in school. Partnering for change (P4C) is a collaborative school-based service delivery model where services are provided at three levels of intensity based on children's needs (class, group-, individual interventions). Interventions in P4C are provided universally to support all children with learning, not only children with special education needs (SEN), and as such are expected to be health-promoting.

Did Resilience and Socioeconomic Status Predict Older Adults' Finding a Silver Lining in COVID?

Background And Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic stretched our limits-physically, mentally, and economically. However, some older adults report that it led to positive changes. This study aims to understand whether prepandemic resilience, education, or income predicted older adults' subsequent likelihood of reporting positive changes in their lives during the pandemic.

Turn-taking and communication modes of students and staff in group activities at non-inclusive schools for students with intellectual disability.

Most students with intellectual and communicative disability who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) attend non-inclusive school settings. Little is known about turn-taking and the use of various communication modes in groups of students and staff in this context. Previous studies on single students with intellectual disability in various school settings have found that staff tend to dominate interactions and augmented communication modes are used more during structured than unstructured activities.

Biomechanical effect of neurologic dance training (NDT) for breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial and preliminary baseline data.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is among the most common forms of cancer experienced by women. Up to 80% of BC survivors treated with chemotherapy experience chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN), which degrades motor control, sensory function, and quality of life. CIN symptoms include numbness, tingling, and/or burning sensations in the extremities; deficits in neuromotor control; and increased fall risk.

Biomechanical effect of neurologic dance training (NDT) for breast cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trail and preliminary baseline data.

Background Breast cancer (BC) is among the most common forms of cancer experienced by women. Up to 80% of BC survivors treated with chemotherapy experience chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN), which degrades motor control, sensory function, and quality of life. CIN symptoms include numbness, tingling, and/or burning sensations in the extremities; deficits in neuromotor control; and increased fall risk.

The Threefold Path to Equity: Approaches for Health and Aging Researchers.

The authors present a model for pursuing equity in research on health and aging, in terms of: (a) community-driven research governance, with reference to examples inside and outside of the United States, (b) a focus on policy change, where policy is defined broadly in terms of all legislative and regulatory change, and (c) equity-focused research practices, at the level of measurement, analysis, and study design. The model is visualized as a "threefold path" that researchers may walk, to achieve changes within our field, and changes in how we interface with other fields, and communities.

Effects of extended transport on cryopreserved allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) product quality and optimal methods to assess HPC stability.

Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, cryopreservation of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) products has been increasingly used to ensure allogeneic donor graft availability prior to recipient conditioning for transplantation. However, in addition to variables such as graft transport duration and storage conditions, the cryopreservation process itself may adversely affect graft quality. Furthermore, the optimal methods to assess graft quality have not yet been determined.

Characterization of social determinants of health of a liver transplant referral population.

Disparities exist in referral and access to the liver transplant (LT) waitlist, and social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly recognized as important factors driving health inequities, including in LT. The SDOH of potential transplant candidates is therefore important to characterize when designing targeted interventions to promote equity in access to LT. Yet, it is uncertain how a transplant center should approach this issue, characterize SDOH, identify disparities, and use these data to inform interventions.

Examination of overhead and single-leg squat kinematics and lower extremity injury in female collegiate athletes.

Background: Overhead squat (OHS) and single-leg squat (SLS) tests have been used as screening tools to identify injury risk in athletic populations. Yet, no study has examined the association between specific trunk and lower extremity (LE) kinematic measures acquired during OHS and SLS performance and LE injury incidence in female collegiate athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between LE and trunk kinematics captured during OHS and SLS performance and LE injury in female collegiate athletes.