Continuous Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring of a Non-Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: Real-Life Data of a High-Volume Thyroid Surgery Center.

Thyroid surgery is associated with a risk of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, especially in the presence of anatomical variants such as a non-recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN). Injury to the nerve leads to transient or permanent vocal cord palsy (VCP). A novel method to prevent VCP is continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring (cIONM), but less is known about the applicability of this method in patients with NRLN.

Dataset of user interactions across four large pilots on the use of augmented reality in learning experiences.

Augmented Reality in education can support students in a wide range of cognitive tasks-fostering understanding, remembering, applying, analysing, evaluating, and creating learning-relevant information more easily. It can help keep up engagement, and it can render learning more fun. Within the framework of a multi-year investigation encompassing primary and secondary schools across Europe, the ARETE project developed several Augmented Reality applications, providing tools for user interaction and data collection in the education sector.

Fight INflammation to Improve outcome after aneurysmal Subarachnoid HEmorRhage (FINISHER) trial: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Rationale: Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has high morbidity and mortality. While the primary injury results from the initial bleeding cannot currently be influenced, secondary injury through vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia worsens outcome and might be a target for interventions to improve outcome. To date, beside the aneurysm treatment to prevent re-bleeding and the administration of oral nimodipine, there is no therapy available, so novel treatment concepts are needed.

OXA-484, an OXA-48-Type Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class D β-Lactamase From .

OXA-48-like carbapenemases are among the most frequent carbapenemases in Gram-negative worldwide with the highest prevalence in the Middle East, North Africa and Europe. Here, we investigated the so far uncharacterized carbapenemase OXA-484 from a clinical isolate belonging to the high-risk clone ST410 regarding antibiotic resistance pattern, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and genetic support. OXA-484 differs by the amino acid substitution 214G compared to the most closely related variants OXA-181 (214R) and OXA-232 (214S).

Pathogenicity of Clinical OXA-48 Isolates and Impact of the OXA-48 IncL Plasmid on Virulence and Bacterial Fitness.

OXA-48 is the most common carbapenemase in Enterobacterales in Germany and one of the most frequent carbapenemases worldwide. Several reports have associated with a virulent host phenotype. To challenge this hypothesis, 35 OXA-48-producing clinical isolates of ( = 15) and ( = 20) were studied , employing the infection model and by whole-genome sequencing.

mTORC1 and PKB/Akt control the muscle response to denervation by regulating autophagy and HDAC4.

Loss of innervation of skeletal muscle is a determinant event in several muscle diseases. Although several effectors have been identified, the pathways controlling the integrated muscle response to denervation remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PKB/Akt and mTORC1 play important roles in regulating muscle homeostasis and maintaining neuromuscular endplates after nerve injury.

Attenuation of Severe Generalized Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa by Systemic Treatment with Gentamicin.

Severe generalized junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), a lethal genodermatosis, is mainly caused by premature termination codons (PTCs) in one of the three genes encoding the anchoring protein laminin-332. Only symptomatic treatment has been established; overcoming PTCs by aminoglycosides may represent an interesting alternative. This retrospective study aimed at assessing for the first time the clinical effects of systemic gentamicin application in infants with severe generalized JEB.

Surgical Treatment of Spinal Ependymomas: Experience in 49 Patients.

Background: Ependymomas are rare central nervous system tumors. Local tumor distribution in the central nervous system depends on age: among adults, ependymomas occur mostly in the spinal cord, whereas among children, intracranial manifestations are more common. To date, there are no prospective studies about treatment strategies for ependymomas.

[Can we transfer the mechanisms of the generics market to biosimilars?].

Personalized medicines such as biologics and their generic equivalents, biosimilars, are pouring onto the pharmaceutical markets. Data of 16 private health insurance companies were used to describe the market shares of selected biosimilars available in 2014 and 2015. The purpose of this study focuses on the question of whether market access of biosimilars will lead to a price competition of the expense of innovation competition.

Evidence for the subsynaptic zone as a preferential site for CHRN recycling at neuromuscular junctions.

Vertebrate skeletal muscle contraction is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (CHRN). Endocytosis and recycling of CHRN regulate their proper abundance at nerve-muscle synapses, i.e.

Progress of endocytic CHRN to autophagic degradation is regulated by RAB5-GTPase and T145 phosphorylation of SH3GLB1 at mouse neuromuscular junctions in vivo.

Endocytosed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (CHRN) are degraded via macroautophagy/autophagy during atrophic conditions and are accompanied by the autophagic regulator protein SH3GLB1. The present study addressed the functional role of SH3GLB1 on CHRN trafficking and its implementation. We found an augmented ratio of total SH3GLB1 to threonine-145 phosphorylated SH3GLB1 (SH3GLB1:p-SH3GLB1) under conditions of increased CHRN vesicle numbers.

The impact of autophagy on peripheral synapses in health and disease.

Alterations of autophagy have been linked to several peripheral nervous system diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Modulation of autophagy by metabolic or pharmacological interventions has been increasingly recognized as a strategy to fight many of these disorders. Cellular processes that are aberrant in case of impaired autophagy and that might lead to these diseases belong to three different categories: (1) clearing of protein aggregates, (2) regulation of vesicle and cargo turnover, and (3) disposal of damaged mitochondria.

Sympathetic innervation controls homeostasis of neuromuscular junctions in health and disease.

The distribution and function of sympathetic innervation in skeletal muscle have largely remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that sympathetic neurons make close contact with neuromuscular junctions and form a network in skeletal muscle that may functionally couple different targets including blood vessels, motor neurons, and muscle fibers. Direct stimulation of sympathetic neurons led to activation of muscle postsynaptic β2-adrenoreceptor (ADRB2), cAMP production, and import of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-coactivator 1α (PPARGC1A) into myonuclei.

[The relevance of multiple sclerosis drugs in private health insurance (PHI)].

The development of expenses and prescriptions in the pharmacotherapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) is examined on the basis of prescription data of 14 PHI firms. The drugs for the treatment of MS are among the most top-selling drugs in the PHI. From 2007 to 2012, the expenses increase 2.

Turnover of acetylcholine receptors at the endplate revisited: novel insights into nerve-dependent behavior.

The turnover of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChR) is a critical factor that determines function and safety of neuromuscular transmission at the nerve-muscle synapses, i.e. neuromuscular junctions (NMJs).

Appraising Alfred Werner's groundbreaking ideas.

The Chemical Institutes of the University of Zurich celebrate the 100(th) anniversary of the Nobel prize award to Alfred Werner in 1913.

[Prevalence of HIV treatment in PHI].

The importance of HIV in PHI is examined on the basis of the "AIDS statistics" of the Association of PHI and pharmaceutical data from PHI. The observation period is from 2007 to 2011. We define a HIV case if a private insured person has submitted at least one HIV-related invoice (e.

Ligamentum flavum hematomas of the cervical and thoracic spine.

Objective: To report extremely rare cases of ligamentum flavum hematomas in the cervical and thoracic spine. Only six cases of thoracic ligamentum flavum hematomas and three cases of cervical ligamentum flavum hematomas have been reported so far.

Methods: Two patients presented with tetraparesis and one patient presented with radicular pain and paresthesias in the T3 dermatome.

Role of autophagy, SQSTM1, SH3GLB1, and TRIM63 in the turnover of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Removal of ubiquitinated targets by autophagosomes can be mediated by receptor molecules, like SQSTM1, in a mechanism referred to as selective autophagy. While cytoplasmic protein aggregates, mitochondria, and bacteria are the best-known targets of selective autophagy, their role in the turnover of membrane receptors is scarce. We here showed that fasting-induced wasting of skeletal muscle involves remodeling of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) by increasing the turnover of muscle-type CHRN (cholinergic receptor, nicotinic/nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) in a TRIM63-dependent manner.

Common and disease-specific dysfunctions of brain systems underlying attentional and executive control in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder broadly overlap in multiple areas involving clinical phenomenology, genetics, and neurobiology. Still, the investigation into specific elementary (sub-)processes of executive functioning may help to define clear points of distinction between these categorical diagnoses to validate the nosological dichotomy and, indirectly, to further elucidate their pathophysiological underpinnings. In the present behavioral study, we sought to separate common from diagnosis-specific deficits in a series of specific elementary sub-functions of executive processing in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

[Increases in pharmaceutical expenditures of PHI by monoclonal antibodies].

The dynamics of one of the most innovative segments of health care and its impact on pharmaceutical expenditure of private health insurance (PHI) is examined on the basis of drug prescription data from private health insurance companies. The study shows that the increase in pharmaceutical expenditure can be explained partly by the new treatment possibilities available with monoclonal antibodies. The per capita expenditure on drugs with monoclonal antibodies increased by 255% from 2006 to 2010 in private health insurance, while the corresponding expenditure of all pharmaceuticals has risen by only 19% in the same period.