African American Women's Perceived Influences on and Strategies to Reduce Sedentary Behavior.

We conducted three focus groups to examine African American women's perceptions of factors influencing and proposed strategies for reducing sedentary behavior (SB). QSR NVivo 9 facilitated coding and organization of themes. Although participants ( n = 32, 53.

Household food security and use of community food sources and food assistance programs among food shoppers in neighborhoods of low income and low food access.

Food insecurity exceeds the 14% national level in severely disadvantaged households, and food shoppers seek food sources and assistance. In 513 predominantly African American households in South Carolina, USA, food security was a significant predictor of sources used, adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics (least-squares means = high food security, 2.10; marginal, 2.

A preliminary molecular phylogeny of shield-bearer moths (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea: Heliozelidae) highlights rich undescribed diversity.

Heliozelidae are a widespread, evolutionarily early diverging family of small, day-flying monotrysian moths, for which a comprehensive phylogeny is lacking. We generated the first molecular phylogeny of the family using DNA sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI and COII) and two nuclear genes (H3 and 28S) from 130 Heliozelidae specimens, including eight of the twelve known genera: Antispila, Antispilina, Coptodisca, Heliozela, Holocacista, Hoplophanes, Pseliastis, and Tyriozela. Our results provide strong support for five major Heliozelidae clades: (i) a large widespread clade containing the leaf-mining genera Antispilina, Coptodisca and Holocacista and some species of Antispila, (ii) a clade containing most of the described Antispila, (iii) a clade containing the leaf-mining genus Heliozela and the monotypic genus Tyriozela, (iv) an Australian clade containing Pseliastis and (v) an Australian clade containing Hoplophanes.

Cigarette smoke extract induces oral squamous cell carcinoma cell invasion in a receptor for advanced glycation end-products-dependent manner.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affects approximately 30,000 people and is associated with tobacco use. Little is known about the mechanistic effects of second-hand smoke in the development of OSSC. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a surface receptor that is upregulated by second-hand smoke and inhibited by semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan ethers (SAGEs).

A Scoping Review of Physical Performance Outcome Measures Used in Exercise Interventions for Older Adults With Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias.

Background And Purpose: There is growing evidence that exercise interventions can mitigate functional decline and reduce fall risk in older adults with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD). Although physical performance outcome measures have been successfully used in older adults without cognitive impairment, additional research is needed regarding their use with individuals who have ADRD, and who may have difficulty following instructions regarding performance of these measures. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify commonly used physical performance outcome measures, for exercise interventions, that are responsive and reliable in older adults with ADRD.

Erratum: The Dietary Intervention to Enhance Tracking with Mobile Devices (DIET Mobile) Study: A 6-Month Randomized Weight Loss Trial.

Objective:: To examine the use of two different mobile dietary self-monitoring methods for weight loss.

Methods:: Adults with overweight ( = 81; mean BMI 34.7 ± 5.

Development of amplicon deep sequencing markers and data analysis pipeline for genotyping multi-clonal malaria infections.

Background: Amplicon deep sequencing permits sensitive detection of minority clones and improves discriminatory power for genotyping multi-clone Plasmodium falciparum infections. New amplicon sequencing and data analysis protocols are needed for genotyping in epidemiological studies and drug efficacy trials of P. falciparum.

Examining the relationship between health locus of control and God Locus of Health Control: Is God an internal or external source?

For many people, the influence of believing in a higher power can elicit powerful effects. This study examined the relationship between God control, health locus of control, and frequency of religious attendance within 838 college students through online surveys. Regression analysis showed that chance and external locus of control and frequency of religious attendance were significant and positive predictors of God Locus of Health Control.

Byte by Bite: Use of a mobile Bite Counter and weekly behavioral challenges to promote weight loss.

The goal of this study was to examine the usability and feasibility of the mobile Bite Counter (a watch-like device that detects when a user consumes food or beverage) and the impact of weekly behavioral challenges on diet and physical activity outcomes. Overweight (mean BMI 31.1±4.

College Freshmen Students' Perspectives on Weight Gain Prevention in the Digital Age: Web-Based Survey.

Background: College freshmen are highly vulnerable to experiencing weight gain, and this phenomenon is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases and mortality in older adulthood. Technology offers an attractive and scalable way to deliver behavioral weight gain prevention interventions for this population. Weight gain prevention programs that harness the appeal and widespread reach of Web-based technologies (electronic health or eHealth) are increasingly being evaluated in college students.

Emergency Department Blood Gas Utilization and Changes in Ventilator Settings.

Background: Mechanically ventilated patients increasingly spend hours in emergency department beds before ICU admission. This study evaluated the performance of blood gases in mechanically ventilated subjects in the emergency department and subsequent changes to mechanical ventilation settings.

Methods: This was a multi-center, prospective, observational study of subjects ventilated in the emergency department, conducted at 3 academic emergency departments from July 2011 to March 2013.

Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin].

Craig JC, Broxterman RM, Wilcox SL, Chen C, Barstow TJ. Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]. J Appl Physiol 123: 1571-1578, 2017.

Bite force in the horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli) with implications for extinct giant frogs.

Of the nearly 6,800 extant frog species, most have weak jaws that play only a minor role in prey capture. South American horned frogs (Ceratophrys) are a notable exception. Aggressive and able to consume vertebrates their own size, these "hopping heads" use a vice-like grip of their jaws to restrain and immobilize prey.

Food Shopping and Acquisition Behaviors in Relation to BMI among Residents of Low-Income Communities in South Carolina.

Low-income areas in which residents have poor access to healthy foods have been referred to as "food deserts." It is thought that improving food access may help curb the obesity epidemic. Little is known about where residents of food deserts shop and if shopping habits are associated with body mass index (BMI).

Duration of Mechanical Ventilation in the Emergency Department.

Introduction: Due to hospital crowding, mechanically ventilated patients are increasingly spending hours boarding in emergency departments (ED) before intensive care unit (ICU) admission. This study aims to evaluate the association between time ventilated in the ED and in-hospital mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS).

Methods: This was a multi-center, prospective, observational study of patients ventilated in the ED, conducted at three academic Level I Trauma Centers from July 2011 to March 2013.

Thromboprophylaxis Failure in the Adult Medical Inpatient.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients, is often due to prophylaxis failure rather than omission, but few studies have identified the risk factors for failure. Risk factors for thromboprophylaxis failure include personal or family history of VTE, use of vasopressors or inotropes, increased body mass index, cranial surgery, intensive care patient, leukocytosis, indwelling central venous catheter and admission from a long-term care facility. Identifying patients at risk for thromboprophylaxis failure should prompt close observation during hospitalization for signs of VTE, close observation after discharge and potentially more aggressive prophylaxis strategies, although no specific guidelines exist for medical patients at this time.

Age- and sex-related differences in the presentation of paediatric migraine: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction Although migraine is a common headache complaint in children and adolescents there remains a significant gap in understanding the unique aspects of the disease in these age groups and their evolution with development. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to identify migraine features that are influenced by age and sex. Methods The headache characteristics of 359 paediatric patients with a clinical diagnosis of migraine from a tertiary paediatric headache clinic were assessed.

E-Media Use and Preferences for Physical Activity and Public Health Information: Results of a Web-Based Survey.

Context: As social media (eg, Twitter) continues to gain widespread popularity, health research and practice organizations may consider combining it with other electronic media (e-media) channels (eg, Web sites, e-newsletters) within their communication plans. However, little is known about added benefits of using social media when trying to reach public health audiences about physical activity.

Objective: Learn about current use and preference for e-media communication channels among physical activity researchers and practitioners.

The Dietary Intervention to Enhance Tracking with Mobile Devices (DIET Mobile) Study: A 6-Month Randomized Weight Loss Trial.

Objective: To examine the use of two different mobile dietary self-monitoring methods for weight loss.

Methods: Adults with overweight (n = 81; mean BMI 34.7 ± 5.

LPS from Negatively Alters Gingival Cell Mitochondrial Bioenergetics.

Objective: Oral inflammatory pathologies are linked to increased oxidative stress, thereby partly explaining their relevance in the etiology of systemic disorders. The purpose of this work was to determine the degree to which LPS from , the primary pathogen related to oral inflammation, altered gingival mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species generation.

Methods: Human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide of Mitochondrial function was determined via high-resolution respirometry.

Effects of a Self-Directed Nutrition Intervention Among Adults With Chronic Health Conditions.

Chronic diseases are common among adults. A healthy diet may be beneficial for managing the consequences of such conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a self-directed nutrition program on dietary behaviors among adults with chronic health conditions.

In child and adult migraineurs the somatosensory cortex stands out … again: An arterial spin labeling investigation.

Over the past decade, human brain imaging investigations have reported altered regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the interictal phase of migraine. However, there have been conflicting findings across different investigations, making the use of perfusion imaging in migraine pathophysiology more difficult to define. These inconsistencies may reflect technical constraints with traditional perfusion imaging methods such as single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography.

The role of the innate immune response regulatory gene ABCF1 in mammalian embryogenesis and development.

ABCF1 is an ABC transporter family protein that has been shown to regulate innate immune response and is a risk gene for autoimmune pancreatitis and arthritis. Unlike other members of ABC transporter family, ABCF1 lacks trans-membrane domains and is thought to function in translation initiation through an interaction with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2). To study ABCF1 expression and function in development and disease, we used a single gene trap insertion in the Abcf1 gene in murine embryonic stem cells (ES cells) that allowed lineage tracing of the endogenous Abcf1 promoter by following the expression of a β-galactosidase reporter gene.

Trading pounds for points: Engagement and weight loss in a mobile health intervention.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe participant engagement and examine predictors of weight loss and points earned through the point-based incentive system of the Social Pounds Off Digitally (POD) app.

Materials And Methods: Overweight and obese adults with Android smartphones/tablets (body mass index 25-49.9 kg/m;  = 24) were recruited for a 3-month weight loss intervention.