Optical cell for combinatorial in situ Raman spectroscopic measurements of hydrogen storage materials at high pressures and temperatures.

An optical cell is described for high-throughput backscattering Raman spectroscopic measurements of hydrogen storage materials at pressures up to 10 MPa and temperatures up to 823 K. High throughput is obtained by employing a 60 mm diameter × 9 mm thick sapphire window, with a corresponding 50 mm diameter unobstructed optical aperture. To reproducibly seal this relatively large window to the cell body at elevated temperatures and pressures, a gold o-ring is employed.

Raman spectroscopy of n-type and p-type GaSb with multiple excitation wavelengths.

The interpretation of Raman spectra of GaSb can be complicated by the presence of a so-called surface space-charge region (SSCR), resulting in an inhomogeneous near-surface Raman scattering environment. To fully interpret Raman spectra, it is important to have an understanding of the SSCR profile relative to the Raman probe depth. However, a priori determination of even the actual SSCR width is not always possible for GaSb under a wide range of doping levels.

Requirements for relative intensity correction of Raman spectra obtained by column-summing charge-coupled device data.

The relative intensity correction of Raman spectra requires the measurement of a source of known relative irradiance. Raman spectrometers that employ two-dimensional charge-coupled device (CCD) array detectors may be operated in two distinct modes. One mode directly measures the counts in each CCD pixel, but more commonly for the collection of spectra, the counts in the CCD row pixels are summed for a given column.

Relative intensity correction of Raman spectrometers: NIST SRMs 2241 through 2243 for 785 nm, 532 nm, and 488 nm/514.5 nm excitation.

Standard Reference Materials SRMs 2241 through 2243 are certified spectroscopic standards intended for the correction of the relative intensity of Raman spectra obtained with instruments employing laser excitation wavelengths of 785 nm, 532 nm, or 488 nm/514.5 nm. These SRMs each consist of an optical glass that emits a broadband luminescence spectrum when illuminated with the Raman excitation laser.

A Proposed Dynamic Pressure and Temperature Primary Standard.

Diatomic gas molecules have a fundamental vibrational motion whose frequency is affected by pressure in a simple way. In addition, these molecules have well defined rotational energy levels whose populations provide a reliable measure of the thermodynamic temperature. Since information concerning the frequency of vibration and the relative populations can be determined by laser spectroscopy, the gas molecules themselves can serve as sensors of pressure and temperature.