Orthodontic bone screws: A quick update and its promising future.

Orthodontic bone screws (OBSs) provide intraoral anchorage by penetrating oral mucosa and seating firmly in basilar bone (BB). Retromolar (prosthetic-type) implants introduced the extra-alveolar (E-A) concept for BB anchorage to move teeth throughout the alveolar process, but the clinical procedures were complex and expensive. Titanium alloy (Ti) miniscrews placed in inter-radicular (I-R) alveolar bone are more convenient and provide some tooth movement potential, but multiple screws are usually required and the devices often interfere with the path of tooth movement.

3D assessment of mandibular skeletal effects produced by the Herbst appliance.

Background: A functional appliance is commonly used to optimize the development of the facial skeleton in the treatment of Class II malocclusion. Recent three-dimensional(3D) image-based analysis offers numerous advantages in quantitative measurement and visualization in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to localize in 3D the skeletal effect produced by the Herbst appliance on the mandible using the geometric morphometric technique.

Biomechanical and histomorphometric properties of four different mini-implant surfaces.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of surface roughness on the removal torque and bone-to-implant contact of four different orthodontic mini-implants.

Materials And Methods: Mini-implants and circular discs were made from alloy Ti6Al4V grade 5. On the basis of surface treatment, the study was divided into four groups-group 1: machined (n = 32), no surface treatment; group 2: acid etched (n = 32), with hydrochloric acid; group 3 (n = 32), grit blasted with alumina; and group 4, grit blasted + acid etched (n = 32).