Type-specific persistence of human papillomavirus DNA before the development of invasive cervical cancer.

Background: Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been established as a cause of cervical cancer, but the association between a positive test for HPV DNA and the risk of the subsequent development of invasive cervical cancer is unknown.

Methods: In a study of women who participated in a population-based screening program for cancer of the cervix in Sweden from 1969 to 1995, we compared the proportion of normal cervical smears (Pap smears) that were positive for HPV DNA among 118 women in whom invasive cervical cancer developed an average of 5.6 years later (range, 0.

MICA gene polymorphism and the risk to develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is associated with human papillomaviruses (HPV) and the HLA genes. The MICA (MHC class I chain-related gene A) is expressed by keratinocytes and epithelial cells and interacts with gamma delta T cells. It is therefore possible that MICA might influence the pathogenesis of CIN and cervical cancer through presentation of viral or tumor antigens.

Age specific risks of familial prostate carcinoma: a basis for screening recommendations in high risk populations.

Background: A positive family history is one of the strongest known risk factors for prostate carcinoma in addition to age and race. In this article, the authors present age specific risks for developing prostate carcinoma in families with an aggregation of prostate carcinoma.

Methods: Data from a population-based cohort study including 5706 sons of Swedish men who had been diagnosed with prostate carcinoma between 1959 and 1963 were used.

Sexual behaviour and papillomavirus exposure in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a population-based case-control study.

Sexual history is an established risk determinant for cervical neoplasia. It is not clear if human papillomavirus (HPV) exposure entirely explains the sexual behaviour-related risk or if other sexually transmitted agents may act as cofactors for HPV in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether HPV exposure or HPV persistence explains the sexual history-related risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) using a population-based case-control study of most of the 254 women referred to colposcopy in the Vasterbotten county in Sweden because of an abnormal cervical smear during October 1993 to December 1995 and 320 age-matched women from the general population.

Serum antibodies against p53 in relation to cancer risk and prognosis in breast cancer: a population-based epidemiological study.

To perform an epidemiological evaluation of the predictive value of p53 autoantibodies in breast cancer, we measured antibodies against p53 in serum samples from 165 breast cancer patients in comparison with serum samples from 330 healthy controls, selected from the same population as the cases and matched for age, sex and specimen storage time. Median age of patients was 51 years (range 25-64 years). Presence of serum p53 autoantibodies was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by Western blotting.

A population-based study of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid testing for predicting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Objective: Our purpose was to determine the predictive values of primary or secondary screening for cervical human papillomavirus infection for cytologic detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Study Design: Most of the 254 women referred for colposcopy in Västerbotten County in Sweden during October 1993 through December 1995 and 320 age-matched women from the general population were screened for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid by nested general-primer polymerase chain reaction.

Results: Ninety-six percent of women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia had human papillomavirus, compared with 4% of women with normal findings (odds ratio 606; 95% confidence interval 137 to 5607).

Different HLA-DR-DQ haplotypes are associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among human papillomavirus type-16 seropositive and seronegative Swedish women.

To analyze whether HLA may be a determinant of the risk of developing cervical cancer precursor lesions, the association between HLA and cervical neoplasia among HPV16-seropositive and -negative subjects was determined in a population-based cohort in the Västerbotten county of Northern Sweden. HLA genotyping of DR and DQ was done by PCR in 74 patients and 164 healthy controls matched for age, sex and area of residence. The presence of DQA1*0102 was weakly associated with cervical neoplasia in HPV16-seropositive patients.

A prospective study on the risk of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia among healthy subjects with serum antibodies to HPV compared with HPV DNA in cervical smears.

To estimate the risk of developing cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) among women exposed to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16, we performed a prospective study in a population-based cohort of more than 15,000 women followed for 34.9 months. Seventy-four women developed CIN during follow-up and were matched for age, time of sampling and area of residence with 148 women who remained CIN-free during follow-up.

Serum antibody responses against human papillomavirus in relation to tumor characteristics, response to treatment, and survival in carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

To investigate whether the serum antibody responses to human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinoma were related to the clinical and histopathological features of the tumors and how the antibody responses were affected by treatment, pretreatment serum samples from 66 patients with carcinoma of the cervix were studied for the presence of IgA or IgG responses against six defined HPV epitopes. Posttreatment serum samples were drawn from the same patients 2-24 months after initiation of treatment. There was no significant correlation between pretreatment level of any of the investigated antibodies and clinical stage or differentiation of tumor.

Antibodies against linear and conformational epitopes of human papillomavirus type 16 that independently associate with incident cervical cancer.

In a seroepidemiological study of incident cervical cancer, 94 cases and 188 population-based controls were used to evaluate the disease-association of IgG and IgA antibody responses against 6 human papillomavirus (HPV) type-16 antigens. Nine of the tested antibody responses were positively associated with cervical cancer, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 2.5 to 15.

A population-based seroepidemiological study of cervical cancer.

The epidemiology of cervical cancer indicates the presence of a sexually transmitted risk factor, attributable at least in part to infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 or 18. We performed a seroepidemiological study of HPV and cervical cancer in the counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten in Northern Sweden, a low-risk area for cervical cancer. Sera from 94 cases of incident cervical cancer were matched against 188 age- and sex-matched controls derived from a population-based blood bank.