Regeneration of Chronic Alveolar Vertical Defects Using a Micro Dosage of rhBMP-2. An Experimental In Vivo Study.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the effect of the location of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) from the native bone and the periosteum for vertical alveolar bone augmentation.

Materials And Methods: Mandibular, chronic, standardized, bilateral, and vertical defects in 12 beagle dogs were evaluated using four modalities: a xenograft alone (XENO; n = 6); rhBMP-2 alone (BMP; n = 6); a technique with rhBMP-2 close to the host bone covered by xenograft (SAN; n = 6); and a technique with rhBMP-2 close to the flap on top of the xenograft (LAS; n = 6). After 8 weeks, a series of in vivo inspections, fluorescence microscopy, histologic and histomorphometric evaluations, and micro-CT analyses.

Effectiveness of dental floss in the management of gingival health: A 6-month follow-up of a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: To evaluate, (i) if subjects submitted to a structured oral hygiene training program (OHt) maintain adopted habits over 180 days without professional guidance; and (ii) in perspective whether flossing provides additional benefits to toothbrushing on gingival health.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-five adult subjects showing approximately 40% proximal gingival bleeding were randomized to receive OHt (1 session weekly over 8 weeks) using toothbrush and dental floss or toothbrush alone. The subjects were then followed over 180 days without professional guidance.

Efficacy of dental floss in the management of gingival health: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Objectives: This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of dental floss as a supplement to toothbrushing in support of gingival health in adults.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-five systemically healthy subjects, non-smokers, without loss of interproximal periodontal attachment and with more than 15% of the interproximal sites presenting with gingival bleeding were randomized into two groups either performing toothbrushing supplemented by dental floss (TB + DF) or toothbrushing (TB) alone. Over a 60-day period, participating subjects weekly received oral hygiene instruction and supervised personal and professional plaque removal by applying the devices assigned for the group.

The minipig intraoral dental implant model: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: The objective of this report was to provide a review of the minipig intraoral dental implant model including a meta-analysis to estimate osseointegration and crestal bone remodeling.

Methods: A systematic review including PubMed and EMBASE databases through June 2021 was conducted. Two independent examiners screened titles/abstracts and selected full-text articles.

Overlay Analysis of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Volumes Acquired before and after Horizontal Alveolar Ridge Augmentation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to illustrate the efficacy of a novel imaging analysis technology to capture horizontal and vertical dimensional changes following horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation (HRA).

Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) volumes from 65 HRA sites in 57 patients were available for evaluation, employing a three-dimensional analysis software to overlay preoperative and post-augmentation CBCT volumes. Horizontal and vertical alveolar ridge dimensional (HRD/VRD) changes were recorded considering a panel of patient-, site-, and procedure-related explanatory variables.

Correlation between dental plaque accumulation and gingival health in periodontal maintenance patients using short or extended personal oral hygiene intervals.

Aims: To evaluate the correlation between bacterial dental plaque accumulation and gingival health in subjects with history of periodontitis attending a maintenance programme including personal oral hygiene measures (pOH) at short and extended intervals. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two subjects were randomized into groups performing pOH at 12-, 24- or 48-h intervals.

Residual periodontal ligament in extracted teeth - is it associated with indication for extraction?

Background: Periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss. Few studies have evaluated the residual area of the periodontal ligament in extracted teeth and, to the best of our knowledge, none from Latin America have done so regarding indications for extraction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual periodontal ligament (RPL) with respect to indication for extraction in a sample of teeth from a Brazilian Public Health Service district.

Effect of self-performed mechanical plaque control frequency on gingival health in subjects with a history of periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Aim: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of the frequency of self-performed mechanical plaque control (SPC) on gingival health in subjects with a history of periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: Forty-two subjects participating in a routine periodontal maintenance program were randomized to perform SPC at 12-, 24- or 48-hr intervals. Plaque index (PlI) and gingival index (GI) were evaluated at baseline, and days 15, 30 and 90 of study.

Sinus augmentation using rhBMP-2/ACS in a mini-pig model: Influence of an adjunctive ceramic bone biomaterial.

Background: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (rhBMP-2/ACS) has been shown to support significant bone formation when used to augment the maxillary sinus for implant dentistry. Nevertheless, bone biomaterials have been suggested to extend rhBMP-2/ACS with limited support of the merits of such approaches.

Objectives: To evaluate local bone formation/dental implant osseointegration following implantation of rhBMP-2/ACS combined with a ceramic bone biomaterial using a mini-pig sinus augmentation model.

Microbiologic effect of two topical anti-infective treatments on ligature-induced peri-implantitis: A pilot study in dogs.

Background: The aim of this split-mouth design pilot study in dogs was to assess microbiologic effects of two topical anti-infective treatment protocols on dental implants subjected to ligature-induced peri-implantitis, without use of systemic antibiotics.

Methods: Eight adult Beagle dogs each received four dental implants in contralateral, edentulated, mandibular jaw quadrants. After 8 weeks, silk ligatures were installed, to be removed after another 8 weeks.

Screening of candidate biomaterials for alveolar augmentation using a critical-size rat calvaria defect model.

Objective: To screen candidate biomaterials intended for alveolar augmentation relative to their potential to enhance local bone formation using a routine critical-size (ø8-mm) rat calvaria defect model.

Methods: One hundred and forty male Sprague Dawley outbred rats, age 11-12 weeks, weight 325-375 g, obtained from USDA approved breeder, randomised into 14 groups of 10 animals, each received one of the following treatments: sham-surgery (empty control), Bio-Oss (bovine HA/reference control), or candidate biomaterials including bovine HA, synthetic HA/ß-TCP and calcium phosphate constructs, mineralised/demineralised human bone preparations, a ß-TCP/calcium sulphate and an HA/calcium sulphate putty. A 4-week healing interval was chosen to discern local bone formation using incandescent and polarised light microscopy.

Bone tissue response following local drug delivery of bisphosphonate through titanium oxide nanotube implants in a rabbit model.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether surface chemistry-controlled TiO nanotube structures may serve as a local drug delivery system for zoledronic acid improving implant-bone support.

Methods: Twenty-four screw-shaped Ti implants with surface chemistry-controlled TiO nanotube structures were prepared and divided into a zoledronic acid-formatted test and a native control group. The implants were inserted into contra-lateral femoral condyles in 12 New Zealand White rabbits.

Periodontal and endodontic pathology delays extraction socket healing in a canine model.

Purpose: The aim of the present exploratory study was to evaluate extraction socket healing at sites with a history of periodontal and endodontic pathology.

Methods: The mandibular 4th premolar teeth in 5 adult beagle dogs served as experimental units. Periodontal and endodontic lesions were induced in 1 premolar site in each animal using wire ligatures and pulpal exposure over 3 months (diseased sites).

Sinus augmentation using a mini-pig model: Effect of ceramic and allogeneic bone biomaterials.

Background: Present clinical practice broadly relies on off-the-shelf allogeneic, xenogeneic or synthetic bone biomaterials in support of sinus augmentation. Also, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (rhBMP-2/ACS) has been shown to support clinically relevant bone formation when used to augment the maxillary sinus.

Objectives: To evaluate local bone formation/dental implant osseointegration following implantation of two particulate bone biomaterials using the mini-pig sinus augmentation model.

Comparison between two antimicrobial protocols with or without guided bone regeneration in the treatment of peri-implantitis. A histomorphometric study in dogs.

Objectives: This study used a dog model to evaluate two antimicrobial protocols with or without guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the surgical reconstruction of peri-implantitis defects.

Material And Methods: Eight beagle dogs subject to ligature-induced peri-implantitis were used. The animals either received antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or topical tetracycline hydrochloride combined with GBR or as stand-alone surgical interventions.

Implant Drill Characteristics: Thermal and Mechanical Effects of Two-, Three-, and Four-Fluted Drills.

Purpose: Avoiding excessive trauma--thermal or otherwise--during dental implant site preparation is considered critical to implant success; overheating is considered to be a major cause of bone necrosis. Studies evaluating thermal and mechanical effects of implant drill design are limited, and effects of flute design have not been accounted for. The purpose of this study was to compare heat generation and cutting efficiency associated with two-, three-, and four-fluted implant drills to investigate the optimal number of flutes.

Histological analysis and gene expression profile following augmentation of the anterior maxilla using rhBMP-2/ACS versus autogenous bone graft.

Aim: The objective of this report was to present histological characteristics and gene expression profile of newly formed bone following horizontal augmentation of the atrophic anterior maxilla using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge carrier (rhBMP-2/ACS) versus an autogenous bone graft (ABG).

Methods: Bone core biopsies from 24 subjects participating in a randomized clinical trial were obtained at dental implant placement, 6 months following alveolar ridge augmentation using rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 1.5 mg/ml; total dose 4.

Biologics and Cell Therapy Tissue Engineering Approaches for the Management of the Edentulous Maxilla: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate current and emerging regenerative approaches for implant site development in the edentulous atrophic maxilla using tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) principles and to identify priorities for future research.

Materials And Methods: Two independent examiners conducted a comprehensive search using specific keywords to identify original clinical studies using TERM for implant site development in the edentulous atrophic maxilla including indications for alveolar ridge preservation, horizontal alveolar augmentation, maxillary sinus augmentation, and augmentation of severe vertical or combined defects. Endpoints included clinical, radiographic, histologic, and patient-centered outcomes.

Bone reconstruction after surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis defects at a sandblasted/acid-etched hydroxyapatite-coated implant: an experimental study in the dog.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate bone formation/osseointegration following surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis at dental implants with different surface characteristics exposed to ligature-induced breakdown conditions.

Methods: Ten turned (control), 10 sandblasted/acid-etched (SA), and 10 SA/hydroxyapatite nanocoated (HA) implants were installed into the edentulated posterior mandible in five Beagle dogs and allowed to osseointegrate for 12 weeks. Ligature-induced breakdown defects were then induced over 23 weeks using stainless steel wire ligatures.

Wound healing following surgical and regenerative periodontal therapy.

Clinical studies have evaluated the effect of conventional periodontal surgical therapy. In general, although some clinical gain in tissue support may be attained, these therapies do not support regeneration of the periodontal attachment. Even though the biological possibility of periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated, the clinical application of this intrinsic potential appears difficult to harness; thus also conceptually most intriguing candidate protocols face clinical challenges.

Biodegradable polymer scaffolds loaded with low-dose BMP-2 stimulate periodontal ligament cell differentiation.

Poly(L-lactide)-co-(epsilon-caprolactone) [poly(LLA-co-CL)] and poly(L-lactide)-co-(1,5-dioxepan-2-one) [poly(LLA-co-DXO)] are being considered candidate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. We evaluated the bioactive potential of poly(LLA-co-CL) and poly(LLA-co-DXO) scaffolds loaded with low-dose bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells were cultured onto the various scaffolds loaded with 1 µg BMP-2 or without BMP-2 (control).