Advances in experimental bladder models: bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo approaches for investigating urinary tract infections.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a substantial burden on global healthcare systems. When unraveling the complex pathophysiology of UTIs, bladder models are used to understand complex and multifaceted interactions between different components within the system. This review aimed to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo experimental bladder models towards UTI research.

Inverted amino acids reduce the adhesion and biofilm biomass of early oral colonizers.

Background: Early colonizers adhere to the dental surface and facilitate the initial adhesion of secondary colonizers to form oral biofilms, which may cause oral infections.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial, anti-adhesion and antibiofilm potency of inverted amino acids on early colonizer streptococci and their mixed species.

Material And Methods: The following test strains were used: Streptococcus gordonii (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 35105); Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 49456); Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557); Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 7073); and Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC BAA-1455).

Delay in diagnosis to treatment and impact on survival of gastric adenocarcinoma in a low income setting without screening facility.

The treatment modality of gastric adenocarcinoma (GCA) depends on the stage of the disease at the clinical presentation. Long delays are probably an unfavorable factor for the patient's prognosis. A prospective longitudinal, study involving 145 consecutive GCA was conducted at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL).

Phytomedicinal properties of (Neeramulliya).

which is known as "Neermulli'' in the vernacular is an herbaceous plant native to Sri Lanka. Ancient medicinal literature suggests the use of whole plant or its parts for the treatment of different communicable and non-communicable diseases including diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis. Active constituents and secondary metabolites including alkaloids, tannins, steroids, proteins, flavonoids, and glycosides are identified to possess antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, anticataract, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, hematopoietic, diuretic, antiurolithiatic, antipyretic, neuroprotection, and anti-endotoxin activities.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) as Potential Biomarkers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Sri Lankan Study.

Background: The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is very high in South Asia and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the key factors essential for cancer growth. The importance of VEGF-A and VEGF Receptor 2(VEGFR-2) in oral cancer pathophysiology is yet to be decided. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) is the main factor concerned in angiogenesis in tumors, but its role in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is still debatable.

Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance among Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus species isolated from central venous catheters of intensive care unit patients.

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the biofilm formation of coagulase negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) isolated from patients with catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) and colonized central venous catheters (CVC) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns and in situ biofilm formation of CVC tips.

Methods: Eighty-two CoNS isolated from intensive care unit (ICU) patients with CRBSI (n ​= ​8) or colonized CVC (n ​= ​74) were included. Species identification and antibiotic susceptibility test were done.

Immunopathology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Cohort of Sri Lankan Patients.

Introduction And Objectives: is the causative organism of leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka. Studies on the immunopathology of leishmaniasis due to L. donovani are limited.

Efficacy of true cinnamon () leaf essential oil as a therapeutic alternative for biofilm infections.

Objectives: The essential oil (EO) extracted from leaves has been used as an antimicrobial agent for centuries. But its antifungal and antibiofilm efficacy is still not clearly studied. The objective of this research was to evaluate the antifungal and antibiofilm efficacy of C.

The genotypes and virulence attributes of C. albicans isolates from oral leukoplakia.

Background: There is a debate as to whether some types of oral leucoplakias (OL) are caused by Candida species, and whether they contribute to the malignant transformation, associated with a minority of such lesions. As no detailed population analysis of yeast isolates from OL is available, we evaluated the virulence attributes, and genotypes of 35 C. albicans from OL, and compared their genotypes with 18 oral isolates from healthy individuals.

A Novel Green Approach to Synthesize Curcuminoid-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrids: Adroit Biomaterials for Future Antimicrobial Applications.

Thermal instability, photodegradation, and poor bioavailability of natural active ingredients are major drawbacks in developing effective natural product-based antimicrobial formulations. These inherited issues could be fruitfully mitigated by the introduction of natural active ingredients into various nanostructures. This study focuses on the development of a novel green mechanochemical synthetic route to incorporate curcuminoids into Mg-Al-layered double hydroxides.

In-vitro Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Cinnamomum verum Leaf Oil against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Phytomedicines are becoming more popular in treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Cinnamomum verum essential oil (EO) has been used as a therapeutic alternative for various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the C.

Effect of Cinnamomum verum leaf essential oil on virulence factors of Candida species and determination of the in-vivo toxicity with Galleria mellonella model.

Background: Essential oils (EO) extracted from Cinnamomum verum has been used as an antimicrobial agents for centuries. The effects of C. verum leaf oil against virulence of microorganisms is not well studied yet.

Androgen receptor expression in a Sri Lankan patient cohort with early breast carcinoma.

Background: Androgen receptor (AR) expression is emerging as a prognostic biomarker in breast carcinoma (BCa). The study aimed to determine the prevalence of AR expression by immunohistochemical analysis among a cohort of Sri Lankan women with early BCa and to evaluate its association with clinicopathological features including immunohistochemical molecular subtype and early survival.

Method: We studied the clinical and pathological features and immunohistochemical profile of 141 women undergoing primary surgery for early BCa, followed by standard adjuvant therapy.

A clinicopathological study of triple-negative breast carcinoma in a patient cohort from a tertiary care center in Sri Lanka.

Background: Triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) and basal-like breast carcinoma (BLBC) are subtypes of breast carcinoma (BCa) that are associated with poor survival.

Aims: To study the prevalence, clinicopathological profile and survival of TNBC among a Sri Lankan patient cohort and to determine the proportion and predictive histological features of BLBC among TNBCs.

Study Setting And Design: A cohort of 221 women undergoing primary surgery for BCa at a tertiary-care center in Sri Lanka was studied.

Addition of hydrogen peroxide to methylene blue conjugated to β-cyclodextrin in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy in S. mutans biofilm.

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of hydrogen peroxide addition on β-cyclodextrin-conjugated methylene blue in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy(a-PDT) in S. mutans biofilm model using laser or light emitting diode (LED) (λ = 660 nm).

Methods: A preliminary assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide in oral fibroblasts by the colorimetric method (MTT).

Influence of Laboratory Culture Media on in vitro Growth, Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus dual-species biofilm infections are notoriously difficult to manage. This study aimed at investigating the influence of four different culture media on the planktonic growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and S.

Effect of natural curcuminoids-intercalated layered double hydroxide nanohybrid against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis: A bactericidal, antibiofilm, and mechanistic study.

The study aimed to determine the antibacterial/antibiofilm effect and mechanism of interaction of curcuminoids-intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (curcuminoids-LDH) against three different bacteria. Antimicrobial effect of curcuminoids-LDH nanohybrid was investigated against P. aeruginosa, S.

The Effect of Nutritive and Non-Nutritive Sweeteners on the Growth, Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.

Objective: To determine the effect of glucose, sucrose, and saccharin on growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.

Materials And Methods: The growth rates of mono-cultures of planktonic C. albicans and C.

Culture media profoundly affect Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis growth, adhesion and biofilm development.

As there are sparse data on the impact of growth media on the phenomenon of biofilm development for Candida we evaluated the efficacy of three culture media on growth, adhesion and biofilm formation of two pathogenic yeasts, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The planktonic phase yeast growth, either as monocultures or mixed cultures, in sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), yeast nitrogen base (YNB), and RPMI 1640 was compared, and adhesion as well as biofilm formation were monitored using MTT and crystal violet (CV) assays and scanning electron microscopy. Planktonic cells of C.