antimalarial activity of Miq. Stem extracts and fractions on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay.

Objectives: The rapid spread of antimalarial drug resistance is becoming a problem in the treatment of malaria. The fact was indicated the importance of finding new antimalarial drugs. The genus Garcinia is well known to be a rich source of bioactive prenylated xanthones and triterpenes reported for their antimalarial activity.

A POTENTIAL ZOONOTIC PARASITE: TRANSMISSION IN RATS, PIGS AND HUMANS IN WEST LOMBOK, INDONESIA.

Background: is a neglected zoonotic disease, but with the expansion of the human community into the animal environment, its incidence is increasing. Animals such as rats and pigs can act as intermediate hosts and transmit to humans due to their proximity. Transmission occurs due to the ability of to survive in any new host.

Comparison of mini-flotac and Kato-Katz methods for detecting soil-transmitted helminth eggs in 10% formalin preserved stools stored >=12 months.

In Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) control programs, microscopic examination is applied as a standard method for detecting the presence and the number of STH eggs. The time limitations of fresh specimen processing, especially for an accurate quantitative diagnosis, cause the specimen processing to be delayed or should be performed at a referral laboratory. This deferment requires preservatives to keep the stool integrity without reducing the accuracy.

Analysis of serological data to investigate heterogeneity of malaria transmission: a community-based cross-sectional study in an area conducting elimination in Indonesia.

Background: Analysis of anti-malarial antibody responses has the potential to improve characterization of the variation in exposure to infection in low transmission settings, where conventional measures, such as entomological estimates and parasitaemia point prevalence become less sensitive and expensive to measure. This study evaluates the use of sero-epidemiological analysis to investigate heterogeneity of transmission in area conducting elimination in Indonesia.

Methods: Filter paper bloodspots and epidemiological data were collected through a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in two sub-districts in Sabang municipality, Aceh province, Indonesia in 2013.

Reduction in Vasa Vasorum Angiogenesis by Lp-PLA2 Selective Inhibitor Through The HIF-1α and VEGF Expression Under Dyslipidemic Conditions in Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis.

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which may lead to major cardiovascular events. The primary cause of atherosclerosis is Dyslipidemia. The increased level of lipid profile triggers endothelial dysfunction.

How Rainforest Conversion to Agricultural Systems in Sumatra (Indonesia) Affects Active Soil Bacterial Communities.

Palm oil production in Indonesia increased constantly over the last decades, which led to massive deforestation, especially on Sumatra island. The ongoing conversion of rainforest to agricultural systems results in high biodiversity loss. Here, we present the first RNA-based study on the effects of rainforest transformation to rubber and oil palm plantations in Indonesia for the active soil bacterial communities.

Diagnostic comparison of Baermann funnel, Koga agar plate culture and polymerase chain reaction for detection of human Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Maluku, Indonesia.

Human infection with the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, which may have a life-threatening course, primarily occurs in tropical settings. Epidemiological data on the occurrence of strongyloidiasis are scarce, and microscopic stool-based detection methods are insensitive. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays have been developed, yet conflicting results have been reported.

Impact of Lowland Rainforest Transformation on Diversity and Composition of Soil Prokaryotic Communities in Sumatra (Indonesia).

Prokaryotes are the most abundant and diverse group of microorganisms in soil and mediate virtually all biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Thereby, they influence aboveground plant productivity and diversity. In this study, the impact of rainforest transformation to intensively managed cash crop systems on soil prokaryotic communities was investigated.

Change of strategy is required for malaria elimination: a case study in Purworejo District, Central Java Province, Indonesia.

Background: Malaria has been targeted for elimination from Indonesia by 2030, with varying timelines for specific geographical areas based on disease endemicity. The regional deadline for malaria elimination for Java island, given the steady decrease of malaria cases, was the end of 2015. Purworejo District, a malaria-endemic area in Java with an annual parasite incidence (API) of 0.

Acute toxicity tests of antiplasmodial N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1,10-phenanthroline derivatives in Swiss mice.

Five new derivatives of N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1,10-phenanthroline had been shown to inhibit growth in vitro of Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 and in vivo of P. berghei. Acute toxicity tests demonstrated that some of those compounds had wide therapeutic indices.

Early malaria resurgence in pre-elimination areas in Kokap Subdistrict, Kulon Progo, Indonesia.

Background: Indonesia is among those countries committed to malaria eradication, with a continuously decreasing incidence of malaria. However, at district level the situation is different. This study presents a case of malaria resurgence Kokap Subdistrict of the Kulon Progo District in Yogyakarta Province, Java after five years of low endemicity.

Seasonal changes in the antibody responses against Plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface antigens in areas of differing malaria endemicity in Indonesia.

Background: The transmission of malaria in Indonesia is highly heterogeneous spatially and seasonally. Anti-malaria antibody responses can help characterize this variation. In the present study antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 and AMA-1 were measured to assess the transmission intensity in a hypo-endemic area of Purworejo and a meso-endemic area of Lampung during low and high transmission seasons.

Measurement of Plasmodium falciparum transmission intensity using serological cohort data from Indonesian schoolchildren.

Background: As malaria transmission intensity approaches zero, measuring it becomes progressively more difficult and inefficient because parasite-positive individuals are hard to detect. This situation may arise shortly before achieving local elimination, or during surveillance post-elimination to prevent reintroduction. Antibody responses against the parasite last longer than the infections themselves.

Additive in vitro antiplasmodial effect of N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1,10-phenanthroline derivatives and cysteine protease inhibitor e64.

Potential new targets for antimalarial chemotherapy include parasite proteases, which are required for several cellular functions during the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle. Four new derivatives of N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1,10-phenanthroline have been synthesized. Those are (1)-N-methyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulfate, (1)-N-ethyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium sulfate, (1)-N-benzyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium chloride, and (1)-N-benzyl-1,10-phenanthrolinium iodide.

Stage specificity of pasak bumi root (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) isolate on Plasmodium falciparum cycles.

In previous study, in vitro antiplasmodial activity fractions isolated from methanol extract of E. longifolia, Jack. have been evaluated.

In vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of newly synthesized N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1,10-phenanthroline derivatives.

A previous study showed that the 1,10-phenanthroline skeleton was active in vitro against chloroquine-resistant and sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Based on this skeleton, 8 derivatives of N-alkyl and N-benzyl-1,10-phenanthrolines have been synthesized. This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of these compounds.