The role of human hunters and natural predators in shaping the selection of behavioural types in male wild turkeys.

The expression of behaviour can vary both among (i.e. behavioural types (BTs)) and within individuals (i.

Spatial roost networks and resource selection of female wild turkeys.

Wildlife demography is influenced by behavioural decisions, with sleep being a crucial avian behaviour. Avian species use roost sites to minimize thermoregulation costs, predation risk and enhance foraging efficiency. Sleep locations are often reused, forming networks within the home range.

Disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults in Arizona: Trends between 2009-2017.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer with few treatment options available to patients. Most HCC cases in Arizona, a state with a high proportion of Hispanic adults, have not been included in recent reports of HCC incidence. This study describes trends in HCC incidence and stage at diagnosis among Arizona residents between 2009-2017 and reports on racial and ethnic disparities for these outcomes.

Differential effects of obesity on perioperative outcomes in renal cell carcinoma patients based on race and ethnicity and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status.

Background: Obesity is a well-established risk factor of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), however the impact of obesity on surgical outcomes for racial and ethnic minority patients with RCC is unclear. This study investigated whether a higher body mass index (BMI) or obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m) was associated with worse perioperative outcomes and if there were heterogeneous effects based on race, ethnicity, and neighborhood-level socioeconomic factor.

Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional study, medical records of patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy between 2010 and 2022 were retrospectively reviewed.

Neighborhood social vulnerability and disparities in time to kidney cancer surgical treatment and survival in Arizona.

Background: Hispanics and American Indians (AI) have high kidney cancer incidence and mortality rates in Arizona. This study assessed: (1) whether racial and ethnic minority patients and patients from neighborhoods with high social vulnerability index (SVI) experience a longer time to surgery after clinical diagnosis, and (2) whether time to surgery, race and ethnicity, and SVI are associated with upstaging to pT3/pT4, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).

Methods: Arizona Cancer Registry (2009-2018) kidney and renal pelvis cases (n = 4592) were analyzed using logistic regression models to assess longer time to surgery and upstaging.

Osteoinductive squamous cell carcinoma associated with a putative novel papillomavirus on the digit of a cat.

Case History And Clinical Findings: An approximately 10-year-old, castrated male domestic short-haired cat developed swelling and ulceration of the second digit of the right front paw. Radiographs revealed a spherical soft tissue swelling with irregular distal margins that contained multiple lacy mineral opacities. The digit was amputated and submitted for histology.

Habitat selection of Gould's wild turkeys in southeastern Arizona.

In semi-arid environments, resources necessary for survival may be unevenly distributed across the landscape. Gould's wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo mexicana) are spatially restricted to mountainous semi-arid areas of southwestern United States and Mexico, and information on their distribution and habitat use is limited. We described how landcover type and topographical features influenced space use and habitat selection by Gould's wild turkeys in southeastern Arizona.

An asthma collaboration to reduce childhood asthma disparities on the Navajo Nation: Trial protocol for the Community Asthma Program.

Navajo children disproportionately experience poor asthma outcomes. Following a one-year community engagement period with key stakeholders from the Navajo Nation, the Community Asthma Program (CAP) was created using evidenced based programs with the goal of reducing asthma disparities among Navajo children. CAP is being evaluated with a six-year, multi-site step-wedge design in three Navajo communities: Tuba City, Chinle and Fort Defiance, Arizona.

Cardiac morphology of North Island brown kiwi ().

Aims: To investigate the cardiac anatomy of North Island brown kiwi () through heart morphometric parameters measured at post-mortem examination.

Methods: Morphometric cardiac parameters were established at post-mortem examination of 20 North Island brown kiwi. Birds were classified by gender and age (chicks adults).

Impact of a Community Health Worker (CHW) Home Visiting Intervention on Any and Adequate Prenatal Care Among Ethno-Racially Diverse Pregnant Women of the US Southwest.

Objectives: Social and structural barriers drive disparities in prenatal care utilization among minoritized women in the United States. This study examined the impact of Arizona's Health Start Program, a community health worker (CHW) home visiting intervention, on prenatal care utilization among an ethno-racially and geographically diverse cohort of women.

Methods: We used Health Start administrative and state birth certificate data to identify women enrolled in the program during 2006-2016 (n = 7,117).

Community health worker intervention improves early childhood vaccination rates: results from a propensity-score matching evaluation.

Background: Arizona's Health Start Program is a statewide community health worker (CHW) maternal and child health home visiting intervention. The objective of this study was to test if participation in Health Start during 2006-2016 improved early childhood vaccination completion rates.

Methods: This retrospective study used 11 years of administrative, birth certificate, and immunization records.

Influence of weather on gobbling activity of male wild turkeys.

Gobbling activity of Eastern wild turkeys (; hereafter, turkeys) has been widely studied, focusing on drivers of daily variation. Weather variables are widely believed to influence gobbling activity, but results across studies are contradictory and often equivocal, leading to uncertainty in the relative contribution of weather variables to daily fluctuations in gobbling activity. Previous works relied on road-based auditory surveys to collect gobbling data, which limits data consistency, duration, and quantity due to logistical difficulties associated with human observers and restricted sampling frames.

Comparing clinical and nonclinical cancer patient navigators: A national study in the United States.

Background: A nationwide survey was conducted to examine differences between clinical and nonclinical oncology navigators in their service provision, engagement in the cancer care continuum, personal characteristics, and program characteristics.

Methods: Using convenience sampling, 527 oncology navigators participated and completed an online survey. Descriptive statistics, χ statistics, and t tests were used to compare nonclinical (eg, community health worker) and clinical (eg, nurse navigators) navigators on the provision of various navigation services, personal characteristics, engagement in the cancer care continuum, and program characteristics.

Exploring classes of cancer patient navigators and determinants of navigator role retention.

Background: In the current nationwide study, the authors used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify classes of cancer patient navigators (CPNs) and examined whether class membership and 12 indicators were related to navigator role retention.

Methods: By using data from 460 CPNs in the United States, LCA identified classes (ie, homogenous subgroups) of CPNs with the following indicators: type of CPN (clinical vs nonclinical), education level, area(s) of the cancer care continuum in which the CPN provided patient navigation, region and urbanity where the CPN provided services, organizational work setting, and patient navigation program funding source. The associations of navigator retention with class membership and each indicator were examined using χ tests.

Barriers and opportunities to measuring oncology patient navigation impact: Results from the National Navigation Roundtable survey.

Background: Patient navigation improves cancer care delivery for those most at risk for poor outcomes. Lack of sustainable funding threatens the full integration of navigation services into health care delivery systems. Standardized navigation metrics that document impact and identify best practices are necessary to support sustainability.

Evaluating the sustainability of patient navigation programs in oncology by length of existence, funding, and payment model participation.

Background: For this study, the authors examined whether specific programmatic factors were associated with the sustainability of patient navigation programs.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey explored navigation programmatic factors associated with 3 measures of sustainability: 1) length of program existence, 2) reliance on sustainable funding, and 3) participation in alternative payment models. In total, 750 patient navigators or program administrators affiliated with oncology navigation programs in clinical-based and community-based settings completed the survey between April and July 2019.

Flexibility, adaptation, and roles of patient navigators in oncology during COVID-19.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 on cancer care during the first 6 months of the pandemic has been significant. The National Navigation Roundtable Workforce Development Task Group conducted a national survey to highlight the role of patient navigators (PNs).

Methods: An anonymous online survey captured how cancer care navigation changed during 2 phases: 1) March 13 to May 31, 2020; and 2) June 1 to September 4, 2020.

Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography Findings in 105 Horse Distal Extremities.

The poor soft tissue conspicuity of CT can be improved by using intra-arterial CT Angiography (CTA), and intra-articular and intra-bursal contrast enhanced CT (CTAR). This retrospective study describes a combination protocol of CT and CTA of the horse's foot, and CTAR of the distal interphalangeal joint and navicular bursa. It is hypothesized this would provide a comprehensive overview of the range and severity of distal limb pathology.

Fine-scale movements and behaviors of coyotes () during their reproductive period.

In canids, resident breeders hold territories but require different resources than transient individuals (i.e., dispersers), which may result in differential use of space, land cover, and food by residents and transients.

Addressing maternal and child health equity through a community health worker home visiting intervention to reduce low birth weight: retrospective quasi-experimental study of the Arizona Health Start Programme.

Objective: To test if participation in the Health Start Programme, an Arizona statewide Community Health Worker (CHW) maternal and child health (MCH) home visiting programme, reduced rates of low birth weight (LBW), very LBW (VLBW), extremely LBW (ELBW) and preterm birth (PTB).

Design: Quasi-experimental retrospective study using propensity score matching of Health Start Programme enrolment data to state birth certificate records for years 2006-2016.

Setting: Arizona is uniquely racially and ethnically diverse with comparatively higher proportions of Latino and American Indian residents and a smaller proportion of African Americans.

HealthyBlock: Blockchain-Based IT Architecture for Electronic Medical Records Resilient to Connectivity Failures.

The current information systems for the registration and control of electronic medical records (EMR) present a series of problems in terms of the fragmentation, security, and privacy of medical information, since each health institution, laboratory, doctor, etc. has its own database and manages its own information, without the intervention of patients. This situation does not favor effective treatment and prevention of diseases for the population, due to potential information loss, misinformation, or data leaks related to a patient, which in turn may imply a direct risk for the individual and high public health costs for governments.

Is the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion Linked to Change in Rate of Ventricular Assist Device Implantation for Blacks and Whites?

Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been associated with increased heart transplant listings among blacks, who are disproportionately uninsured. It is unclear whether the ACA is also associated with increased ventricular assist device implantation in blacks.

Methods: Using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Data State Inpatient Databases from 19 states and Washington DC, we analyzed 1157 patients from early-adopter states (ACA Medicaid expansion by January 2014) and 785 patients from nonadopter states (no implementation from 2013 to 2014).

Evaluation protocol to assess maternal and child health outcomes using administrative data: a community health worker home visiting programme.

Introduction: Emerging evidence suggests community health workers (CHWs) delivering preventive maternal and child health (MCH) interventions through home visiting improve several important health outcomes, including initiation of prenatal care, healthy birth weight and uptake of childhood immunisations.

Methods And Analysis: The Arizona Health Start Program is a behavioral-based home visiting intervention, which uses CHWs to improve MCH outcomes through health education, referral support, and advocacy services for at-risk pregnant and postpartum women with children up to 2 years of age. We aim to test our central hypothesis that mothers and children exposed to this intervention will experience positive health outcomes in the areas of (1) newborn health; (2) maternal health and healthcare utilisation; and (3) child health and development.