Understanding the Link between Poverty and Food Insecurity among Children: Does the Definition of Poverty Matter?

This paper examines the association between poverty and food insecurity among children, using two different definitions of poverty-the official poverty measure (OPM) and the new supplemental poverty measure (SPM) of the Census Bureau, which is based on a more inclusive definition of family resources and needs. Our analysis is based on data from the 2001-11 Current Population Survey and shows that food insecurity and very low food security among children decline as income-to-needs ratio increases. The point estimates show that the associations are stronger as measured by the new supplemental measure of income-to-needs ratio than when estimated through the official measure.

Food Insecurity and SNAP Participation in Mexican Immigrant Families: The Impact of the Outreach Initiative.

We study the factors associated with food insecurity and participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in Mexican immigrant families in the US. Estimates from analyses that control for a rich set of economic, demographic, and geographic variables show that children in Mexican immigrant families are more likely to be food insecure than children in native families, but are less likely to participate in SNAP. Further, more vulnerable groups such as the first-generation Mexican immigrant families, families in the US for less than 5 years, and families with non-citizen children - that are at a higher risk of food insecurity are the least likely to participate in SNAP.

Explaining Racial/Ethnic Variation in Partnered Women's and Men's Housework: Does One Size Fit All?

Using a national sample of 12,424 partnered women and 10,721 partnered men from the 2003-2006 American Time Use Survey, this article examines racial/ethnic variation in women's and men's housework time and its covariates. The ratio of women's to men's housework hours is greatest for Hispanics and Asians and smallest for Whites and Blacks. White and Hispanic women's housework hours are associated with household composition and employment suggesting that the time availability perspective is a good predictor for these women, but may have less explanatory power for other race/ ethnic groups of women.

Influence of mother, father, and child risk on parenting and children's cognitive and social behaviors.

The association among mothers', fathers', and infants' risk and cognitive and social behaviors at 24 months was examined using structual equation modeling and data on 4,200 on toddlers and their parents from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort. There were 3 main findings. First, for cognitive outcomes, maternal risk was directly and indirectly linked to it through maternal sensitivity whereas paternal risk was only indirectly related through maternal sensitivity.

Consequences of Fatherhood for Young Men's Relationships.

This paper examined how the onset and timing of the transition to fatherhood affects the type and quality of young men's relationships with partners and parents. Data are drawn from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth - Young Adult Survey and included young men (ages 18-31 years old in 2006) who varied on residential status with their children and timing of fatherhood (N = 1,931). Results indicated the effects of fatherhood varied across types of fathers, with residential fathers more likely to be in a committed but less satisfactory relationship regardless of timing of fatherhood.

Spectral and cross-spectral autoregressive analysis of cardiovascular variables in subjects with different degrees of orthostatic tolerance.

The mechanisms leading to vasovagal syncope are still unclear. A simple discriminating test for the identification of syncope-prone subjects is not presently available. Fifty-two subjects had a stepwise orthostatic test with 60 degrees tilt and -20 and -40 mm Hg lower-body negative pressure before the appearance of impending syncope symptoms.

Vascular responses to orthostatic stress in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), in patients with low orthostatic tolerance, and in asymptomatic controls.

Patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) are characterized by development of symptoms of orthostatic intolerance during standing that are not because of hypotension but are associated with tachycardia. The goal of this study was to compare the cardiac and vascular responses to orthostatic stress for patients with POTS (n = 8) with those for patients with low orthostatic tolerance (n = 29) and for healthy control subjects (n = 12). Responses of heart rate (ECG), arterial blood pressure, and brachial artery blood velocity (Doppler) were determined during a progressive orthostatic stress test of head-up tilt and lower body suction.