[Analysis of underage births among girls in the city of Poznan in 1996-2001].

Negative natural increase in the population, decrease of total fertility rate, as well as older age of first pregnancy are characteristic phenomena for the population of Poznań. At the other end of the spectrum there are cases of underage pregnancies where young mothers are emotionally immature and unprepared to act as a mother. An analysis of underage deliveries based on medical notes was conducted in Gynecological/Obstetric Ward in District General Hospital in Poznań in the years 1996-2001.

Determination of geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, and a musty-earthy odor in wheat grain by SPME-GC-MS, profiling volatiles, and sensory analysis.

Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol-compounds responsible for the musty-earthy off-odor of wheat grain, were isolated by SPME and analyzed by GC-MS. Carboxen/PDMS/DVB fiber coating was selected because of its highest extraction efficiency. Concentrations of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol as low as 0.

Biosynthesis of gibberellic acid (GA3) and mycotoxins by F. moniliforme sheldon and other species of Liseola section.

F. moniliforme and other species of Liseola section, F. culmorum, F.

Ochratoxin A formation by isolated strains of the conidial stage of Aspergillus glaucus Link ex Grey (= Eurotium herbariorum Wiggers Link ex Gray) from cereal grains.

Two strains of Aspergillus glaucus Link ex Grey (= Eurotium herbariorum (Wiggers Link ex Grey] out of 15 isolated from cereals formed ochratoxin A during growth on autoclaved kernels of wheat and corn, with yields from 0.8 to 2.5 mg/kg of culture.

Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part 12. Contamination with ochratoxin A and penicillic acid as indicator of improper storage of cereal grain.

Formation of ochratoxin A and penicillic acid in wheat kernels at 6 moisture levels: 15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30% at 15 degrees C has been examined during 4 months of storage. The minimum time for formation of significant amount (0.5-1 mg/kg) of ochratoxin A and penicillic acid (6-8 mg/kg) in stored grain has been found for the various water contents as follows: 18%-16 weeks, 21%-6 weeks, 24% and more - 2 weeks.

Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part VIII. Microbiological evaluation of cereal grain quality, connected with mycotoxins occurrence.

Four classes of microbiological quality of cereal grain are proposed. For classification the frequency of kernels contamination with Penicillia, Aspergilli and Phycomycetes is considered as essential. Lots contaminated with mycotoxins (ochratoxins) were usually of IIIrd and IVth class of quality.

Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part IX. Zearalenone and Fusaria in wheat, barley, rye and corn kernels.

Toxigenic Fusaria, producing zearalenone, appeared in 31% of cereal grain samples. However zearalenone was present only in 0.5% of 584 cereal samples assayed during 1979-1981 at level 0.

Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part 5. Changes of cereal grain biological value after ammoniation and mycotoxins (ochratoxins) inactivation.

Ammoniation was proved to be a suitable detoxification procedure to remove toxicity of Aspergillus ochraceus mycotoxins (mainly ochratoxin A) from contaminated cereal grain (corn, wheat and barley). It was found that ammoniation should be performed to achieve decomposition of ochratoxin A to nondetectable level. Ammoniated grain can be used as feedstuff component without essential change of nutritive value during ammoniation.

Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part IV. Inactivation of ochratoxin A and other mycotoxins during ammoniation.

Addition of ammonia to final concentration 2% inactivates ochratoxin A, aflatoxin, citrinin, penicillic acid and partially zearalenon at temperature 20-50 degrees C. Detoxification of contaminated cereal grain (wheat, corn or barley) can be performed on a farm using ammoniation without special investment during 4 to 6 weeks. Ammoniation changes nutritional value of grain as feed in a small extent.