Effect of different Bacillus Calmette-Guerin substrains on growth inhibition of T24 bladder cancer cells and cytokines secretion by BCG activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of PBMCs.

Background: Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract. Approximately 75-85% of patients present non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Standard primary treatment for NIMBC is transurethral resection (TUR) followed by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy.

[Efficacy and safety of vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV)].

Currently in the world there are two vaccines to protect against infection of human papilloma virus (HPV) which is the etiological agent of cervical cancer used since 2007. Evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines particularly the long-term immunity is still the subject of many trials. The review of many publications in order to compare and analyses the results of numerous studies on the efficacy and safety of vaccination against HPV was performed.

[Number of vaccinations performed and immunological system].

The study did not support the hypothesis of a causal link between vaccinations and chronic diseases and autoimmune diseases. Vaccinations do not weaken the immune system. A man can produce about 10 billion different antibodies.

[Efficacy and safety of vaccines against tuberculosis in the relation to genetic variability of Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains].

All vaccines against tuberculosis used actually over the world contain Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) as active substance. Strain BCG, that was obtained in 1921 by Calmette and Guerin after 13 years ofpassaging on the potato-glicerol medium with addition of bile, was distributed to many laboratories for vaccine production. The repeated passages of M.

[Problems of prevention and control of poliomyelitis in Poland].

In the fifties and the sixties of 20th century big epidemic and increasing numbers of poliomyelitis cases were observed in Poland as well in other countries of Europe and world. Inactivated Salk's vaccine in injections as well as oral attenuated vaccine were introduced to the control and prevention of this disease. As the result of it poliomyelitis was eradicated in American, European and of West Pacific Region of WHO.

[Prevalence of anti-HAV antibodies in Warsaw population].

The result of serological survey that was carried out on 895 subjects of Warsaw population at age 1-54 years showed the high proportion of susceptible to hepatitis A infection. It was shown about 90% susceptible among children at age 1-4 years, and about 80% among older children and adolescents aged below 19 years. The low endemicity of hepatitis A in Poland has been observed since 1997 and very low endemicity since 2002.

Mumps in Poland since 1990 to 2003; epidemiology and antibody prevalence.

The annual incidence of mumps in Poland over the period 1990-2003 was 45-570 per 100,000 population with the epidemic peak every 4-5 years. Till 2003, mumps vaccination has not been included in the part of National Immunisation Program in Poland that comprises the obligatory vaccinations. However, mumps vaccination was recommended by National Health Authority for children at the second year of life and it could be obtained privately.

[Prevalence of antibodies and vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella in Polish population].

The data according number of cases and morbidity rates of measles, mumps and rubella as well as antibody prevalence against diseases above mentioned in Polish population were shown. The impact of mass vaccination on decreasing of measles incidence and number of reported rubella congenital syndrome was observed. The possibility of elimination these diseases in the near future was discussed.