Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Postural Stability Measurement with the Y-Balance Test Based on the Levels of the Biomechanical Parameters of 14-Year-Old Girls.

Background: Dynamic balance monitoring involves the assessment of the muscular control during changes of the centre of gravity location in space above the supporting plane. We aimed to determine the structure of the Y-Balance Test and its accuracy based on measurements of strength and resistance to fatigue of muscles acting on the knee joint under static conditions, as well as joint motion ranges and static balance in girls aged 14 years.

Methods: The study included 40 girls aged 14, who attended Gymnasium No.

Cognitive functional therapy as a complementary treatment for posture and disability of chronic neck pain: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of scapular stabilization exercise with and without cognitive functional therapy (CFT) on disability and scapular kinematics in people suffering from chronic neck pain.

Methods: A total of 72 patients with chronic non-specific neck pain were randomized into scapular stabilization exercise alone, n = 24, combined (scapular stabilization exercise + CFT), n = 24, and a control group, n = 24. Scapular kinematic and disability were measured at baseline and after the intervention.

Evaluation of the Level of Technical and Tactical Skills and Its Relationships with Aerobic Capacity and Special Fitness in Elite Ju-Jitsu Athletes.

Background: Ju-jitsu training has to be comprehensive in terms of training intensity, developing a wide range of physical fitness and learning multiple technical skills. These requirements result from the specificity of the competition characteristic of the sport form of this martial art. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aerobic capacity and special physical fitness of ju-jitsu athletes at the highest sports performance level and to determine the relationships between special fitness and the indices of technical and tactical skills.

Effects of vibration and passive resting on muscle stiffness and restitution after submaximal exercise analyzed by elastography.

Purpose: The research aimed to assess the influence of vibration therapy on acceleration of muscles regeneration process after physical effort. Verification of the pace of motor capabilities recovery in fatigued muscles was performed with the use of the measurement method applying shear-wave elastography. It took into account an alteration in muscle stiffness affected by created passive stresses and accompanying deformations connected with muscles work above their resting length.

Effect of Vibration Massage and Passive Rest on Recovery of Muscle Strength after Short-Term Exercise.

Background: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of vibration massage and passive rest on accelerating the process of muscle recovery after short-term intense exercise.

Methods: Eighty-four healthy men aged 20 to 25 years participated in the study. Study participants performed isometric (ISO-M Group) and auxotonic (AUX-M group) contraction exercise in the lower limbs.

Absolute and relative reliability of several measures of static postural stability calculated using a GYKO inertial sensor system.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse absolute and relative reliability of a number of postural static stability measures obtained from a GYKO inertial sensor system in young adults.

Methods: The study examined 29 healthy non-athlete young adults. A test was performed for 30 s while standing on one foot, without moving, with eyes open and arms relaxed along the sides of the body.

Photogrammetric evaluation of body posture of 6-year-old boys training judo, in three repeated assessments.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to assess changes in body posture in a group of 6-year-old boys training judo, compared to a control group, in three repeated examinations.

Methods: The study included 88 boys aged 6. Fifty-one of them started judo training in sports clubs at the beginning of the school year (JU).

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Nordic Walking Training in Improving the Gait of Persons with Down Syndrome.

People with Down syndrome (DS) show dysfunction of gait, expressed by disturbed character of angular changes and values of the spatiotemporal parameters as compared to the physiological norm. It is known that exercises and various activities have positive effect on balance and gait, but there are only a few scientific proofs concerning above-mentioned in people with DS. Furthermore, the effect of Nordic Walking (NW) training on gait in people with DS is unexplored.

The assessment of the relationships between body posture indices and the Y-Balance Test results in the adolescents.

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to assess the differences of the values of body posture indices, measured with the Moire's method, between girls and boys aged 13 and the relationships of these values with the results of the Y-Balance Test.

Methods: The study involved a group of healthy volunteers attending junior high schools in Cracow. The group consisted of 20 girls and 35 boys.

Stabilometric indicators as an element of verifying rehabilitation of patients before and after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients before and after rACL, based on stabilographic indicators.

Methods: The research group was comprised of 31 men aged 20-57 with anterior cruciate ligament injury, qualified for reconstruction surgery. A measurement of static stabilometric indicators and muscle strength was taken twice for each patient - before surgery and after 6 months.

The influence of motor ability rehabilitation on temporal-spatial parameters of gait in Huntington's disease patients on the basis of a three-dimensional motion analysis system: An experimental trial.

Objective: There is no existing standard, evidence-based, scientific model for motor ability improvement in Huntington's Disease (HD) patients aimed at maintaining independent gait for as long as possible, or performing activities of daily living, the effectiveness of which would be supported by the results of studies using objective research tools. Under these circumstances, the aim of this study was to analyze the influence of motor ability rehabilitation on the spatial-temporal parameters of gait in HD patients.

Design: It was an experimental trial.

Three-Dimensional Trunk and Lower Limbs Characteristics during Gait in Patients with Huntington's Disease.

A number of studies on gait disturbances have been conducted, however, no clear pattern of gait disorders was described. The aim of the study was to characterize the gait pattern in HD patients by conducting analysis of mean angular movement changes the lower limb joints and trunk (kinematics parameters). The study group consisted of 30 patients with HD (17 women and 13 men).

Evaluation of the accuracy of the postural stability measurement with the Y-Balance Test based on the levels of the biomechanical parameters.

Purpose: The study of dynamic balance involves tests that assess the muscle control of spatial changes of the position of the centre of gravity over the base of support. The purpose of this work was to determine the structure of the Y-balance test and its accuracy based on the measurements of strength performance of the muscles acting on the knee joint as well as the flexibility and balance in boys aged 14 years.

Methods: The study included 43 schoolboys regularly participating in physical education lessons.

The role of hippotherapeutic exercises with larger support surface in development of balance in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability.

Purpose: Maintaining balance in humans involves continuous changes in parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hippotherapeutic exercises on development of the sense of balance in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability.

Methods: The study examined 50 randomly chosen boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability from the special education centre in Leżajsk, Poland.

Assessment of the impact of regular judo practice on body posture, balance, and lower limbs mechanical output in six-year-old boys.

Background: Physical activity is beneficial for young children. The aim of this study was to monitor the changes in body posture and balance, as well as in the level of lower limbs mechanical output in six-year-old boys practicing judo (JU) and in a group not practicing that sport (NT).

Methods: In 12 matched pairs of boys (JU+NT) body mass and height were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated at three time points (baseline, three months, six months).

Assessment of Gait Therapy Effectiveness in Patients with Parkinson's Disease on the Basis of Three-Dimensional Movement Analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of physical exercise on gait pattern disorders, based on three-dimensional gait analysis in the sagittal plane in a group of people with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Thirty-two subjects with PD (14 women and 18 men; age: 50-75 years) were qualified for the study, which ran for 3 weeks and included 18 therapeutic sessions. Thirty-five control subjects were included in the research (13 women and 19 men; age: 52-77 years).

Muscle torque and its relation to technique, tactics, sports level and age group in judo contestants.

The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of maximal muscle torques at individual stages of development of athletes and to determine the relationship between muscle torques, fighting methods and the level of sports performance. The activity of 25 judo contestants during judo combats and the effectiveness of actions were evaluated. Maximum muscle torques in flexors/extensors of the body trunk, shoulder, elbow, hip and knee joints were measured.

Changes in energy cost and total external work of muscles in elite race walkers walking at different speeds.

The aim of the study was to assess energy cost and total external work (total energy) depending on the speed of race walking. Another objective was to determine the contribution of external work to total energy cost of walking at technical, threshold and racing speed in elite competitive race walkers. The study involved 12 competitive race walkers aged 24.

Study protocol and overview of the literature on long-term health and quality of life outcomes in patients treated in adolescence for scoliosis with therapeutic exercises.

Background: Scoliosis, the most prevalent orthopaedic condition affecting children and adolescents, may have lasting physical, psychological and social consequences. With limited evidence-base, scoliosis-specific exercise therapies are an option.

Objective: An overview of the subject and description of a long-term follow-up study including adults who in adolescence were treated with a scoliosis-specific exercise programme investigating the association of the exercise regime with present physical activity, physical functioning and subjective wellbeing.

Electromyographic assessment of functional symmetry of paraspinal muscles during static exercises in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

Background: The question of how to correct and rehabilitate scoliosis remains one of the most difficult problems of orthopaedics. Controversies continue to arise regarding various types of both symmetric and asymmetric scoliosis-specific therapeutic exercises.

Objective: The aim of the present paper was to conduct an electromyographic assessment of functional symmetry of paraspinal muscles during symmetric and asymmetric exercises in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

Factors determining swimming efficiency observed in less skilled swimmers.

The dynamics of performance in professional sport requires a systematic improvement of the training process. Such activities should also include optimizing the children and youth training in these disciplines, where an early specialization operates. The main aim of this paper was to search for the relationship between swimmer's segmental kinematics (segmental velocities, stroke rate, stroke length, stroke index); the relationship between swimmer's technical skill level (in four competitive swimming techniques) and training overloads taking into consideration gender and age effect.

Kinetic and kinematic characteristics of natural velocity gait in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient patients.

This study evaluates changes in the knee following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries by presenting the kinematic characteristics of the ankle and hip joints and the pelvis, and assessing the dynamic forces applied by knee joint muscles under isokinetic conditions to identify compensatory mechanisms. Seventeen ACL-deficient males, 16-47 years of age, participated in the study, and measurements were taken an average of 24.4 months after their injuries occurred.

Three-dimensional analysis of the pelvic and hip mobility during gait on a treadmill and on the ground.

Pelvic girdle combines two units: passenger and locomotor. That is why the importance of this part of the body is emphasized by all researchers in terms of gait economy. The purpose of our research was to determine the changes of pelvic girdle mobility and hip joint in men in three planes of movement (sagittal, frontal and horizontal) during gait at a speed of 5 km/h.

An improved kinematic model of the spine for three-dimensional motion analysis in the Vicon system.

The mechanism of creation and pathomechanics of lateral spinal deformation is still not fully explained. Modern medical imaging techniques give scientists possibility to understand some aspects, but vast majority of those techniques is based on static trials. A motion capture system belongs to techniques which enable visualization of a spine during dynamic trials; however, due to lack of appropriate computational model, it is unsuitable for scoliosis imaging.

Variations in bioelectric activity during symmetric loading and asymmetric stretching of paraspinal extensors in young adult women with mild single curve scoliosis.

Introduction: Symmetrical loading and asymmetrical stretching of trunk extensors are applied in scoliosis physiotherapy management. Conflicting evidence is available on trunk erectors' bioelectrical activity during such static exercise, especially in adult subjects. Our purpose was to identify the profile of bioelectrical activity of trunk extensors during static contractions against symmetrical loading with body mass in young adult females with single curve scoliosis, who participated in adolescence in a scoliosis-specific physiotherapy program.