Perspectives of patients with type 1 or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes on self-monitoring of blood glucose: a qualitative study.

Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), including self-regulation, is an important tool to achieve good glycemic control. However, many patients measure their glucose concentrations less often than is recommended. This study investigates patients' perspectives of SMBG and all relevant aspects influencing SMBG in patients with type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

Neurodevelopmental outcome of hypoglycaemia in healthy, large for gestational age, term newborns.

Aims: To evaluate the effects of transient hypoglycaemia on the first day of life in 75 healthy term large for gestational age (LGA) infants, born to non-diabetic mothers, on their neurodevelopmental outcome at the age of 4 years.

Methods: Screening for hypoglycaemia was performed 1, 3, and 5 hours after birth, and continued if blood glucose levels were low. Treatment with intravenous glucose for hypoglycaemia was started if hypoglycaemia was severe or symptomatic.

Soluble CD4-PE40 is cytotoxic for a transfected mammalian cell line stably expressing the envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), and cytotoxicity is variably inhibited by the sera of HIV-1-infected patients.

Sera were obtained from 50 individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or from HIV-1-uninfected individuals before or after vaccination with recombinant gp160. These sera were evaluated for activity antagonistic to the cell-killing activity of the chimeric Pseudomonas exotoxin hybrid protein, sCD4-PE40. For these studies, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were transfected with a chimeric plasmid encoding the tat, rev, and envelope genes of HIV-1 and a cell line was selected for stable expression of the envelope glycoproteins at the cell surface (CHO-env).

An NMR study of the covalent and noncovalent interactions of CC-1065 and DNA.

The binding of the antitumor drug CC-1065 has been studied with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This study involves two parts, the elucidation of the covalent binding site of the drug to DNA and a detailed investigation of the noncovalent interactions of CC-1065 with a DNA fragment through analysis of 2D NOE (NOESY) experiments. A CC-1065-DNA adduct was prepared, and an adenine adduct was released upon heating.

Protection from carcinogen-induced murine bladder carcinoma by interferons and an oral interferon-inducing pyrimidinone, bropirimine.

Interferons (IFNs) have established activities as antivirals and inhibitors of viral and transplantable tumors. To establish whether IFNs or their inducers can affect induction of carcinogenesis in vivo, the bladder-specific carcinogen N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) was administered in the diet at 0.11 or 0.

Stereoelectronic factors influencing the biological activity and DNA interaction of synthetic antitumor agents modeled on CC-1065.

The synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological activities of a series of novel spiro cyclopropyl compounds, modeled on the potent antitumor antibiotic CC-1065 (1), are described. Many of these synthetic analogues are significantly more effective than 1 against murine tumors. In particular, compound 27 exhibits high activity and potency.

Antitumor activity of pyrimidinones, a class of small-molecule biological response modifiers.

This study was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate the structure-activity relationship of pyrimidinones. Of 20 pyrimidinones tested, only those with a monohalogen substitution at the ortho- or meta-position of the phenyl moiety of the 2-amino-5-halo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone and ABPP showed statistically significant synergism with cyclophosphamide (CY) against P388 leukemia. Therefore, ABMFPP, AIMFPP, and ABPP were selected for detailed therapeutic evaluation.

Pyrimidinones. 3. N-substituted 6-phenylpyrimidinones and pyrimidinediones with diuretic/hypotensive and antiinflammatory activity.

In an extensive analysis of the antiviral and interferon-induction structure-activity relationship of 6-arylpyrimidinones we found that modifications at positions 1-4 of the pyrimidine ring resulted in a loss of activity. However, we uncovered interesting hypotensive and antiinflammatory activity with a series of N-substituted analogues, the results of which we report herein.

Inhibitory effects of interferon-inducing pyrimidinones on the growth of transplantable mouse bladder tumors.

Pyrimidinones are low-molecular-weight compounds which are inducers of interferon in several animal species. They have established antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antitumor effects. Four pyrimidinones as well as another potent interferon inducer, polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid, and beta-interferon were tested for effects on growth of the transplantable mouse bladder tumor (MBT-2).

Chemoprevention of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary tumors by 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (ABPP).

We have studied the chemopreventive effectiveness of 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone (ABPP) in 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary tumors. ABPP is a biological response modifier and has various biological activities, including interferon induction, immunomodulation, and antiviral and antineoplastic properties, both in vitro and in vivo. Fifty-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups and all received 20 mg DMBA by gastric gavage.

Pyrimidinones. 1. 2-Amino-5-halo-6-aryl-4(3H)-pyrimidinones. Interferon-inducing antiviral agents.

Interferon induction and antiviral activity was discovered with 2-amino-5-bromo-6-phenyl-4(3H)-pyrimidinone. An analogue study incorporating a series of 2-amino-5-substituted-6-arylpyrimidinones revealed that the most potent interferon inducers were mono- and difluorophenyl analogues. These same analogues were also potent antiviral agents against Semliki Forest virus and herpes simplex type 1.

Benzisoxazolones: antimicrobial and antileukemic activity.

An unusual acid-mediated rearrangement of o-nitrostyrene oxide afforded 1-(hydroxymethyl)-2,1-benzisoxazol-3(1H)-one which exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. A number of analogues were prepared by employing a modified zinc-reduction procedure on o-nitrobenzoate. Several of these analogues exhibited interesting antipseudomonal activity in agar and broth but were ineffective in vivo.

Characterization of an adduct between CC-1065 and a defined oligodeoxynucleotide duplex.

CC-1065 is a potent antitumor antibiotic produced by Streptomyces zelensis. The drug binds covalently through N-3 of adenine and lies within the minor groove of DNA. Previous studies indicated that CC-1065 reacted with adenine in DNA to yield a thermally labile product that could be used to reveal its sequence specificity.

Characteristics of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine as an inducer of lysosomal enzyme release from human neutrophils.

N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated a time- and concentration-dependent release of granule associated beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme but not cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase from human neutrophils. Maximum discharge of lysome activity released is insignificant when cells are not preincubated with cytochalasin B prior to being exposed to FMLP (10(-10)-10(-7) M); although 11.2 +/- 1.

beta-D-Arabinofuran[1',2':4,5]oxazolo-1,3,5-triazine-5-N-methyl-4,6-dione and analogues, unusually specific immunosuppressive agents.

Sequential treatment of the protected beta-D-arabinofuran[1',2':4,5]-2-aminooxazoline (2) with methyl isocyanate and diimidazole carbonyl afforded the 2,2'-anhydro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl nucleoside, 6. Deprotection and hydrolysis yielded the corresponding arabinoside. Although the anhydronucleoside exhibited in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex type 1, it exacerbated the infection in vivo.