The Influence of Glutamate on Axonal Compound Action Potential In Vitro.

 Our previous experiments demonstrated modulation of the amplitude of the axonal compound action potential (CAP) by electrical stimulation. To verify assumption that glutamate released from axons could be involved in this phenomenon, the modification of the axonal CAP induced by glutamate was investigated.  The major objective of this research is to verify the hypothesis that axonal activity would trigger the release of glutamate, which in turn would interact with specific axonal receptors modifying the amplitude of the action potential.

Direct Current-Induced Calcium Trafficking in Different Neuronal Preparations.

The influence of direct current (DC) stimulation on radioactive calcium trafficking in sciatic nerve in vivo and in vitro, spinal cord, and synaptosomes was investigated. The exposure to DC enhanced calcium redistribution in all of these preparations. The effect was dependent on the strength of the stimulation and extended beyond the phase of exposure to DC.

Aberrant hippocampal Atp8a1 levels are associated with altered synaptic strength, electrical activity, and autistic-like behavior.

Type IV ATPases are putative aminophospholipid translocases (APLTs), more commonly known as flippases. A pronounced induction of the flippase Atp8a1 was observed in post-mortem tissue homogenates from the hippocampus and temporal lobe of juvenile autistic subjects compared to age-matched controls. In order to simulate the human data, C57BL/6 mice were allowed to develop after intra-hippocampal injection of recombinant lentivirus expressing Atp8a1 at the early developmental stage of postnatal day 6 (P6).

Pulsed magnetic stimulation modifies amplitude of action potentials in vitro via ionic channels-dependent mechanism.

This paper investigates the influence of pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) on amplitude of evoked, compound action potential (CAP) recorded from the segments of sciatic nerve in vitro. PMFs were applied for 30 min at frequency of 0.16 Hz and intensity of 15 mT.

[Implantation of plastic and metal stents to biliary tract in obstructive jaundice in material of Surgery Department of 4th Military Clinical Hospital in Wroclaw].

Introduction: A method of treatment for malignant bile duct strictures depends on early diagnosis, location and extent of tumor infiltration. Patients eligible for radical surgery should be operated.

Aim Of The Study: The authors used plastic and metal prostheses in the treatment of biliary tract cancer cholestasis.

The effects of 15 Hz trans-spinal magnetic stimulation on locomotor control in mice with chronic contusive spinal cord injury.

The effects of repetitive trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS), combined with acrobatic exercise on functional locomotor recovery in chronic spinal-contused mice were tested. The exposure to magnetic stimulation was initiated 3 weeks after injury, when the animals entered chronic stage. The rTSMS was applied for a total of 4 weeks over a 9-week duration trial.

Activity-dependent phosphorylation of dynamin 1 at serine 857.

Dynamin 1 is thought to mediate synaptic transmission through interactions with multiple endocytic accessory proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Previously, we have shown that DYRK1A, a chromosome 21-encoded kinase implicated in the mental retardation of Down syndrome, phosphorylates primarily serine 857 (S857) in the proline-rich domain, found only in 1xa, one of the alternative C-terminal splicing isoforms of dynamin 1. Dynamin 1xa and 1xb isoforms are able to assemble into heterologous complexes and are coregulated by DYRK1A phosphorylation in binding to amphiphysin in vitro.

Own clinical observations of treatment outcome in acute type B aortic dissection.

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to analyse early results of treatment of acute type B aortic dissection.

Material And Methods: 59 patients, treated between 1998 and 2011, were divided into four groups. Group I comprised ten patients in whom hybrid procedures were performed: extra-anatomical by-pass graft from the brachio-cephalic trunk to the left carotid artery in six patients, transposition of the left carotid artery to the right one in two patients, and reversed Y prosthesis from the brachio-cephalic trunk to both carotids in the remaining 2 patients, to facilitate stent-grafting.

Trans-spinal direct current enhances corticospinal output and stimulation-evoked release of glutamate analog, D-2,3-³H-aspartic acid.

Trans-spinal direct current (tsDC) stimulation is a modulator of spinal excitability and can influence cortically elicited muscle contraction in a polarity-dependent fashion. When combined with low-frequency repetitive cortical stimulation, cathodal tsDC [tsDC(-)] produces a long-term facilitation of cortically elicited muscle actions. We investigated the ability of this combined stimulation paradigm to facilitate cortically elicited muscle actions in spinal cord-injured and noninjured animals.

[Use of polymeric clips in laparoscopic appendectomy].

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency and safety of using non-absorbable polymeric clips in securing the stump of appendix during laparoscopic appendectomy.

Patients And Methods: We have analyzed patients of Surgical Clinic of 4th Military Clinical Hospital in Wrocław, who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy from 2006 to 2010. Patients were divided into 3 groups regarding to the way of securing stump of appendix: in group one non-absorbable polymeric clips Hem-o-lok were used, in group two endostaplers Endostapler Flexi and in group three endoloop ligatures or traditional ligatures.

[Use of synthetic mesh in abdominal wall hernias repair].

Abdominal hernias repair beside cholecystectomy and appendectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure. The crucial problem in surgery treatment of abdominal hernias is its recurrence, especially high in procedures performed without use of synthetic graft. Advances in understanding the etiopathogenesis of abdominal hernias and the introduction of the new surgical techniques have considerably improved the results of its repair.

Clozapine functions through the prefrontal cortex serotonin 1A receptor to heighten neuronal activity via calmodulin kinase II-NMDA receptor interactions.

Aberrant dopamine release in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is believed to underlie schizophrenia, but the mechanistic pathway through which a widely used antipsychotic, clozapine (Clz), evokes neurotransmitter-releasing electrical stimulation is unclear. We analyzed Clz-evoked regulation of neuronal activity in the PFC by stimulating axons in layers IV and V and recording the electrical effect in the post-synaptic pyramidal cells of layers II and III. We observed a Clz-evoked increase in population spike (PS), which was mediated by serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT(1A)-R), phospholipase Cβ, and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII).

Therapeutic effects of acrobatic exercise and magnetic field exposure on functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice.

The effects of acrobatic exercise and magnetic stimulation (MS) in mice applied either separately or in combination while on recovery after spinal cord injury have been investigated. This progress has been compared in six groups of animals. The first two groups consisted of non-injured and injured animals, respectively, which were not exposed to any treatment.

Excitability changes in the sciatic nerve and triceps surae muscle after spinal cord injury in mice.

Background: From the onset to the chronic phase of spinal cord injury (SCI), peripheral axons and muscles are subjected to abnormal states of activity. This starts with very intense spasms during the first instant of SCI, through a no activity flaccidity phase, to a chronic hyperactivity phase. It remains unclear how the nature of this sequence may affect the peripheral axons and muscles.

The influence of pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) on nonsynaptic potentials recorded from the central and peripheral nervous systems in vitro.

The influence of pulsed magnetic fields (PMFs) on nonsynaptic potentials recorded from the central and peripheral nervous system in vitro has been investigated. The population spikes (PSs) recorded from hippocampal slices during antidromic stimulation and compound action potentials (CAPs) recorded from the segments of the sciatic nerve were used as indicators of neuronal activity. The potentials recorded from both preparations were significantly and permanently enhanced following PMF (0.

Axonal release of glutamate analog, d-2,3-3H-Aspartic acid and l-14C-proline from segments of sciatic nerve following electrical and magnetic stimulation.

Segments of the mouse sciatic nerve were preloaded with either d-2,3-(3)H-Aspartic acid [nonmetabolizable analog of glutamate] or l-(14)C-proline and the release of these exogenous molecules was evaluated in the fractions of the perfusate following electrical or magnetic stimulation. The electrical stimulation (10Hz, 10Am, 20s) induced an instantaneous increase in the release of both molecules, although the release of d-2,3-(3)H-Aspartic acid was much greater. Moreover, contrary to l-(14)C-proline, the release of d-2,3-(3)H-Aspartic acid was Ca(2+)-dependent.

Combined effects of acrobatic exercise and magnetic stimulation on the functional recovery after spinal cord lesions.

The objective of the study was to determine whether physical exercise combined with epidural spinal cord magnetic stimulation could improve recovery after injury of the spinal cord. Spinal cord lesioning in mice resulted in reduced locomotor function and negatively affected the muscle strength tested in vitro. Acrobatic exercise attenuated the behavioral effects of spinal cord injury.

The mechanism of magnetic field-induced increase of excitability in hippocampal neurons.

The influence of a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on hippocampal evoked potentials has been investigated in vitro. The exposure to PMF (0.16 Hz, 15 mT) applied for 30 min amplified the population spike and the slope of EPSP recorded from stratum pyramidale and stratum radiatum respectively.

Promotion of neuronal plasticity by (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

The consumption of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic compound found in green tea, has been associated with various neurological benefits including cognitive improvement. The physiological basis for this effect is unknown. In this study, we used synaptic transmission between the CA3 and CA1 regions (Schaffer collateral) of the mouse hippocampus to examine the effects of EGCG on neuronal plasticity.

Plasticity of 5-HT 1A receptor-mediated signaling during early postnatal brain development.

The presence of serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT(1A)-R) in the hippocampus, amygdala, and most regions of the frontal cortex is essential between postnatal day-5-21 (P5-21) for the expression of normal anxiety levels in adult mice. Thus, the 5-HT(1A)-R plays a crucial role in this time window of brain development. We show that the 5-HT(1A)-R-mediated stimulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) in the hippocampus undergoes a transition between P6 and P15.

Phosphorylation of amphiphysin I by minibrain kinase/dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase, a kinase implicated in Down syndrome.

Minibrain kinase/dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (Mnb/Dyrk1A) is a proline-directed serine/threonine kinase encoded in the Down syndrome critical region of human chromosome 21. This kinase has been shown to phosphorylate dynamin 1 and synaptojanin 1. Here we report that amphiphysin I (Amph I) is also a Mnb/Dyrk1A substrate.

Modulation of learning and hippocampal, neuronal plasticity by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).

The influence of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on learning process in mice and on neuronal excitability of the hippocampal tissue obtained from stimulated animals were investigated. While the stimulation with rTMS at higher frequency (15 Hz) improved animals' performance in novel object recognition test (NOR), lower frequency (1 and 8 Hz) impaired the memory. The effect was observed when evaluated immediately after rTMS exposure and declined with time.

Modification of the synaptic glutamate turnover in the hippocampal tissue exposed to low-frequency, pulsed magnetic fields.

The influence of pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) on the release and uptake of glutamate was investigated. While the release was examined using hippocampal slices, synaptosomes were chosen to characterize the uptake process. (3)H-D-aspartate was used as a marker of glutamergic transmission.

The actions of a charged melatonin receptor ligand, TMEPI, and an irreversible MT2 receptor agonist, BMNEP, on mouse hippocampal evoked potentials in vitro.

We have previously determined that melatonin modulates hippocampal synaptic transmission in a biphasic way: an initial depression was followed by a recovery/amplification phase. Here we describe the influence of two novel melatonin receptor ligands, BMNEP (N-bromoacetyl-2-iodo-5-methoxytryptamine) and TMPEI (N-[2-(2-Trimethylammoniumethyleneoxy-7-methoxy)ethyl]propionamide iodide), on the population spike (PS) and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSP) recorded from mouse hippocampal slices. BMNEP, which specifically alkylates and constitutively activates the MT2 melatonin receptor, mimicked the first phase of melatonin's action by irreversibly depressing both the PS and EPSP.

Amplification of evoked potentials recorded from mouse hippocampal slices by very low repetition rate pulsed magnetic fields.

The influence of low repetition rate pulsed magnetic fields (LRMF) on the evoked potential (population spike) recorded from mouse hippocampal slices was investigated. LRMF were applied according to two protocols. In protocol A, LRMF applied with a constant strength (15 mT) and frequency ranging from 0.