Malnutrition assessment methods in adult patients with tuberculosis: a systematic review.

Objectives: Malnutrition is associated with a twofold higher risk of dying in patients with tuberculosis (TB) and considered an important potentially reversible risk factor for failure of TB treatment. The construct of malnutrition has three domains: intake or uptake of nutrition; body composition and physical and cognitive function. The objectives of this systematic review are to identify malnutrition assessment methods, and to quantify how malnutrition assessment methods capture the international consensus definition for malnutrition, in patients with TB.

Clinical Relevance of Rifampicin-Moxifloxacin Interaction in Isoniazid-Resistant/Intolerant Tuberculosis Patients.

Moxifloxacin is an attractive drug for the treatment of isoniazid-resistant rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) or drug-susceptible TB complicated by isoniazid intolerance. However, co-administration with rifampicin decreases moxifloxacin exposure. It remains unclear whether this drug-drug interaction has clinical implications.

Corticosteroid therapy for the management of paradoxical inflammatory reaction in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Paradoxical reaction after the initiation of tuberculosis treatment is defined as increased inflammation following effective antimycobacterial treatment. This is a phenomenon that can severely complicate a patient's recovery, potentially leading to further morbidity and residual deficits. Paradoxical reaction remains poorly understood regarding its pathophysiology and management.

Evaluation of Carbapenems for Treatment of Multi- and Extensively Drug-Resistant .

Multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (M/XDR-TB) has become an increasing threat not only in countries where the TB burden is high but also in affluent regions, due to increased international travel and globalization. Carbapenems are earmarked as potentially active drugs for the treatment of To better understand the potential of carbapenems for the treatment of M/XDR-TB, the aim of this review was to evaluate the literature on currently available , , and clinical data on carbapenems in the treatment of and to detect knowledge gaps, in order to target future research. In February 2018, a systematic literature search of PubMed and Web of Science was performed.

[Tuberculosis: from compulsory admission to compulsory treatment].

Tuberculosis is still considered to be a threat to public health in the Netherlands. The Dutch Public Health Act enables the mandatory isolation of contagious patients who are not willing to be treated. However, this act does not mean that patients can be treated against their will.

Clinical Management of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in 16 European Countries.

Rationale: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major burden to public health in Europe. Reported treatment success rates are around 50% or less, and cure rates are even lower.

Objectives: To document the management and treatment outcome in patients with MDR-TB in Europe.

Cross border, highly individualised treatment of a patient with challenging extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.

http://ow.ly/JyjK30ielsD

Case Report: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in an Asylum Seeker with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

A Syrian asylum seeker with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) developed a bronchopleural fistula after pneumonectomy. Although screening tests were negative on admission, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae were cultured after a few months of TB treatment. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms is reported to be increased in asylum seekers compared with the general Dutch population.

Simple strategy to assess linezolid exposure in patients with multi-drug-resistant and extensively-drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Linezolid is used increasingly for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB). However, linezolid can cause severe adverse events, such as peripheral and optical neuropathy or thrombocytopenia related to higher drug exposure. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to predict the area under the concentration curve (AUC) for linezolid using a limited number of blood samples.

Neurological and functional recovery in tuberculosis patients with spinal cord injury in The Netherlands.

Background: Spinal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for approximately 1% to 3% of all TB cases and it can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms, from none to a complete spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting in complete paraplegia or tetraplegia.

Objectives: To describe the functional and neurological outcome of SCI caused by TB.

Methods: Retrospective data on the admission period was combined with prospectively collected data on long-term follow-up.

Individualized treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis using therapeutic drug monitoring.

Objective/background: Globally, approximately 50% of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) experience treatment failure. MDR-TB treatment is hindered by adverse events, toxicity of the second-line anti-TB drugs, logistics and costs, especially in low-income countries, and problems with medication adherence. Pharmacokinetic variability is also attributed as one of the reasons contributing to treatment failure.

Positive predictive value of ELISpot in BAL and pleural fluid from patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of ELISpot in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pleural fluid for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in real-life clinical practice, together with the added value of a cut-off >1.0 for the ratio between the extra-sanguineous and systemic interferon-gamma responses in positive samples.

Methods: A retrospective, single-centre study was performed.

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic-based optimization of levofloxacin administration in the treatment of MDR-TB.

The emergence of MDR-TB and XDR-TB has complicated TB treatment success. Among many factors that contribute to the development of resistance, low drug exposure is not the least important. This review summarizes the available information on pharmacokinetic properties of levofloxacin in relation to microbial susceptibilities, in order to optimize the dose and make general treatment recommendations.

High Prevalence of Infectious Diseases and Drug-Resistant Microorganisms in Asylum Seekers Admitted to Hospital; No Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae until September 2015.

Introduction: The current refugee crisis emphasizes the need for information on infectious diseases and resistant microorganisms in asylum seekers with possible consequences for public health and infection control.

Methods: We collected data from asylum seekers admitted to our university hospital or who presented at the Emergency Department (n = 273). We collected general and demographic characteristics including country of origin, the reason of presentation, and the screening results of multi-drug resistant organisms.