Current Guidelines for Obesity Prevention in Childhood and Adolescence.

Objective: Current guidelines for prevention of obesity in childhood and adolescence are discussed.

Methods: A literature search was performed in Medline via PubMed, and appropriate studies were analyzed.

Results: Programs to prevent childhood obesity have so far remained mainly school-based and effects have been limited.

The Use of Ostrich Eggs for In Ovo Research: Making Preclinical Imaging Research Affordable and Available.

In ovo studies are a valuable option in preclinical research, but imaging studies are severely limited by the costs of dedicated equipment needed for small-sized eggs. We sought to verify the feasibility of using larger, ostrich, eggs () for imaging on the PET/CT scanners used for routine clinical investigations. Ostrich eggs were incubated until shortly before hatching, prepared for intravitelline venous injection of contrast medium or radiotracer, and imaged using native CT, contrast-enhanced CT, and PET/CT.

Treatment of Lymphatic Malformations with the mTOR Inhibitor Sirolimus: A Systematic Review.

Background: Extensive lymphatic malformations are low-flow vascular malformations that can cause devastating complications. Treatment of these malformations is challenging. This systematic review presents current use of sirolimus in patients with extensive lymphatic malformations.

Development of a Human Leukocyte Antigen Score to Predict Progression-Free Survival in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

Background: In personalized medicine and treatment stratification of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the heterogeneous genetic background of patients is not considered. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and HLA haplotypes (HLA traits) are linked to development of HNSCC and affect progression-free survival (PFS) of HNSCC patients but most head and neck oncologists are not familiar with HLA typing. Hence, we developed an HLA-score abstracting from complexity of HLA-typing results to facilitate potential use of HLA-associated hazard ratios (HR) for prognostic stratification.

Cooperation of BMP and IHH signaling in interdigital cell fate determination.

The elaborate anatomy of hands and feet is shaped by coordinated formation of digits and regression of the interdigital mesenchyme (IM). A failure of this process causes persistence of interdigital webbing and consequently cutaneous syndactyly. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are key inductive factors for interdigital cell death (ICD) in vivo.

US Time-Harmonic Elastography: Detection of Liver Fibrosis in Adolescents with Extreme Obesity with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Purpose To measure in vivo liver stiffness by using US time-harmonic elastography in a cohort of pediatric patients who were overweight to extremely obese with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to evaluate the diagnostic value of time-harmonic elastography for differentiating stages of fibrosis associated with progressive disease. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, 67 consecutive adolescents (age range, 10-17 years; mean body mass index, 34.7 kg/m; range, 21.

MC4R agonism promotes durable weight loss in patients with leptin receptor deficiency.

Genetic defects underlying the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling pathway lead to severe obesity. Three severely obese LEPR-deficient individuals were administered the MC4R agonist setmelanotide, resulting in substantial and durable reductions in hyperphagia and body weight over an observation period of 45-61 weeks. Compared to formerly developed and tested MC4R agonists, setmelanotide has the unique capability of activating nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) signaling and restoring function of this signaling pathway for selected MC4R variants.

Reevaluation of the Complete Genome Sequence of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 with Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing Data.

is a key organism for understanding magnetosome formation and magnetotaxis. As earlier studies suggested a high genomic plasticity, we (re)sequenced the type strain MSR-1 and the laboratory strain R3/S1. Both sequences differ by only 11 point mutations, but organization of the magnetosome island deviates from that of previous genome sequences.

Information architecture for a patient-specific dashboard in head and neck tumor boards.

Purpose: Overcoming the flaws of current data management conditions in head and neck oncology could enable integrated information systems specifically tailored to the needs of medical experts in a tumor board meeting. Clinical dashboards are a promising method to assist various aspects of the decision-making process in such cognitively demanding scenarios. However, in order to provide extensive and intuitive assistance to the participating physicians, the design and development of such a system have to be user-centric.

Highlights from the Second International Symposium on HPV infection in head and neck cancer.

The Second International Symposium on HPV Infection in Head and Neck Cancer was held on 3rd-4th November 2016 in Leipzig, Germany. The meeting brought together researchers and clinicians to share the latest knowledge on HPV infection in head and neck cancer and to join active and constructive scientific discussions. This report summarizes the major themes discussed during the symposium.

Thermodiffusion of Monovalent Organic Salts in Water.

The ionic Soret effect induced by temperature gradients is investigated in organic electrolytes (tetramethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium hydroxides) dispersed in water using a holographic grating experiment. We report the influences of temperature and salt concentrations on the Soret, diffusion, and thermal diffusion coefficients. Experimental results to the thermal diffusion coefficient are compared with a theoretical description for thermodiffusion of Brownian particles in liquids based in the thermal expansion of the liquid solution.

Aflibercept Action in a Rabbit Model of Chronic Retinal Neovascularization: Reversible Inhibition of Pathologic Leakage With Dose-Dependent Duration.

Purpose: We establish and characterize the chronic retinal neovascularization (RNV) induced by intravitreal (IVT) injection of DL-α-aminoadipic acid (AAA) in a rabbit model and investigate the extent and duration of inhibitory actions induced by IVT aflibercept on the RNV.

Methods: Rabbits received a single IVT injection of AAA, with weekly follow-up fundus photography, fluorescein angiography (FA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). After 10 weeks, they received a single IVT aflibercept or control injection.

[Current Status of therapy and prophylaxis of oropharyngeal carcinoma].

Incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing significantly worldwide. Due to its association with chronic tobacco/alcohol consumption, but increasingly also with the human papillomavirus HPV-16, oropharyngeal carcinoma is a genetically heterogeneous tumor group with high prognostic diversification. HPV-associated OPSCC respond significantly better to previous treatment concepts than non-HPV-associated.

[Current literature overview on the therapy of obesity in children and adolescents].

Background: Obesity is a chronic disease due to the comorbidity associated with it and the need for long-term medical care. Therapeutic intervention is possible at every stage of pathophysiology.

Aim: The aim of the study is to demonstrate the effect of multimodal lifestyle interventions not only on the BMI/BMI-SDS, but also on (secondary) outcomes such as comorbidities, quality of life as well as the nutritional and movement behavior.

Unravelling the hydrophobicity of urea in water using thermodiffusion: implications for protein denaturation.

Urea is widely used as a protein denaturant in aqueous solutions. Experimental and computer simulation studies have shown that it dissolves in water almost ideally at high concentrations, introducing little disruption in the water hydrogen bonded structure. However, at concentrations of the order of 5 M or higher, urea induces denaturation in a wide range of proteins.

Investigation of Naturally Occurring Single-Nucleotide Variants in Human TAAR1.

Activation of trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) in endocrine pancreas is involved in weight regulation and glucose homeostasis. The purpose of this study was the identification and characterization of potential variants in patients with overweight/obesity and disturbed glucose homeostasis. Screening for variants was performed in 314 obese or overweight patients with impaired insulin secretion.

Changing Characteristics of Obese Children and Adolescents Entering Pediatric Lifestyle Intervention Programs in Germany over the Last 11 Years: An Adiposity Patients Registry Multicenter Analysis of 65,453 Children and Adolescents.

Objective: To examine whether characteristics of children and adolescents who start lifestyle intervention (LI) for obesity in Germany changed over the last decade.

Methods: 65,453 subjects (<21 years) from the APV database (Adiposity Patients Registry) with a BMI ≥ 90th percentile were included (years 2005-2015). Logistic regression models (confounders: age, sex, migration background) were created for overweight, obesity, extreme obesity, and obesity-related comorbidities.

Secondary Metabolites in Allergic Plant Pollen Samples Modulate Afferent Neurons and Murine Tracheal Rings.

Plant pollens are strong airborne elicitors of asthma. Their proteinaceous allergens have been studied intensively, but little is known about a possible contribution of pollen secondary metabolites to the nonallergic exacerbation of asthma. Pollen samples originating from 30 plant species were analyzed by HPLC coupled to PDA, ESIMS, and ELSD detectors and off-line NMR spectroscopy.

Endo-extralaryngeal Laterofixation of the Vocal Folds in Patients with Bilateral Vocal Fold Immobility.

Background: Bilateral vocal fold paralysis can result in shortness of breath and severe dyspnea which can be life-threatening.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-five patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis who underwent endo-extralaryngeal laterofixation according to Lichtenberger were retrospectively analyzed regarding etiology, symptoms, treatment and complications.

Results: In 27 patients, laterofixation of the vocal cord alone was performed.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity in obese adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) was identified as a strong predictor for cardiovascular events. Furthermore, it is highly associated with obesity. The role of Lp-PLA2 in diabetes mellitus is controversial and analyses, especially in adolescents with type 2 diabetes (T2D), are missing.

Reduced Cytokine Release in Ex Vivo Response to Cilengitide and Cetuximab Is a Marker for Improved Survival of Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

Targeting of αβ3 and αβ5 integrins by cilengitide may reduce growth of solid tumors including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Preclinical investigations suggest increased activity of cilengitide in combination with other treatment modalities. The only published trial in HNSCC (ADVANTAGE) investigated cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and cetuximab (PFE) without or with once (PFE+CIL1W) or twice weekly cilengitide (PFE+CIL2W) in recurrent/metastatic HNSCC.

Absorption and tolerability of taste-masked hydrocortisone granules in neonates, infants and children under 6 years of age with adrenal insufficiency.

Objectives: There is no licensed, dose-appropriate formulation of hydrocortisone for children with adrenal insufficiency (AI) and patients rely on compounded adult medication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption, palatability and safety of Infacort , an immediate-release, granule formulation of hydrocortisone with taste masking.

Study Design: Single site with satellites attended by a "flying" doctor from investigator site.

A Structured, Manual-Based Low-Level Intervention vs. Treatment as Usual Evaluated in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Adolescents with Extreme Obesity - the STEREO Trial.

Background: To compare efficacy and safety of a manual-based low-level psychological intervention with treatment as usual (weight loss treatment).

Methods: A two-armed randomized controlled trial without blinding and computer-based stratified block randomization included adolescents and young adults (14.0-24.