BMIgap: a new tool to quantify transdiagnostic brain signatures of current and future weight.

Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of weight gain could reduce excess mortality and improve long-term trajectories of psychiatric disorders. We used support-vector machines and whole-brain voxel-wise grey matter volume to generate and validate a BMI predictor in healthy individuals (N = 1504) and applied it to individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ,N = 146), clinical high-risk states for psychosis (CHR,N = 213) and recent-onset depression (ROD,N = 200). We computed BMIgap (BMI-BMI), interrogated its brain-level overlaps with SCZ and explored whether BMIgap predicted weight gain at 1- and 2-year follow-up.

Periodontal health in teeth treated with deep-margin-elevation and CAD/CAM partial lithium disilicate restorations-a prospective controlled trial.

Objectives: This prospective controlled clinical trial aimed to compare periodontal parameters of proximal deep-margin-elevation (DME) restoration margins with supragingival/equigingival restoration margins (control) on the opposite proximal surface of the same tooth.

Materials And Methods: Subgingival one-sided proximal defects (mesial or distal) on (pre-)molars were restored with composite DME and CAD/CAM-manufactured lithium disilicate ceramic partial-coverage restorations. Periodontal parameters (bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal probing depths (PPD), plaque index (PI)) were recorded after insertion of the ceramic restoration (baseline) and at 1-year recall visit and compared between DME and control on the same tooth (Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon signed rank test, p < 0.

Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms Were More Common for Transgender Individuals Whose Gender-Affirming Surgeries Were Cancelled or Delayed Due to COVID-19: A Global Cross-Sectional Study.

Gender-affirming surgeries, which have well-established mental health benefits, were cancelled and delayed for transgender people worldwide during the COVID-19 crisis. Of 253 scheduled gender-affirming surgeries among transgender adults across 35 countries in late 2020, 27% (=69) reported that the COVID-19 crisis limited their access to gender-affirming surgery (i.e.

Repair of partially defective restorations: Systematic review and meta-analysis of patient acceptance.

Objectives: This systematic review attempted to assess patient acceptance of repairs instead of complete replacement for partially defective restorations and to identify factors affecting patients' decision-making for or against repairs.

Study Selection: Observational and qualitative studies reporting on (1) the proportion of patients accepting or preferring repairs, (2) the proportion of dentists / dental students / dental schools stating that their patients accept or prefer repairs, (3) factors affecting patients' decision-making for or against repairs.

Sources: Electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE via Ovid, and Web of Science) were last searched in August 2024 (PROSPERO database: CRD42023449437).

DNA Methylation of Is Associated with Early-Life Adversity in Adult Mental Disorders.

Early-life adversity (ELA) is characterized by exposure to traumatic events during early periods of life, particularly involving emotional, sexual and/or physical adversities during childhood. Mental disorders are strongly influenced by environmental and lifestyle-related risk factors including ELA. However, the molecular link between ELA and the risk of an adult mental disorder is still not fully understood.

HIV-1 control in vivo is related to the number but not the fraction of infected cells with viral unspliced RNA.

In the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), a subset of individuals, termed HIV controllers, have levels of plasma viremia that are orders of magnitude lower than non-controllers (NC) who are at higher risk for HIV disease progression. In addition to having fewer infected cells resulting in fewer cells with HIV RNA, it is possible that lower levels of plasma viremia in controllers are due to a lower fraction of the infected cells having HIV-1 unspliced RNA (HIV usRNA) compared with NC. To directly test this possibility, we used sensitive and quantitative single-cell sequencing methods to compare the fraction of infected cells that contain one or more copies of HIV usRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from controllers and NC.

, a trusted research environment for processing sensitive research data.

This paper provides an overview of the development and operation of the Trusted Research Environment (TRE) at ETH Zurich. gives scientific researchers the ability to securely work on sensitive research data. We give an overview of the user perspective, the legal framework for processing sensitive data, design history, current status, and operations.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and anamnestic risk factors for erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition.

Background: Erosive tooth wear is a multifactorial and common condition in children.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and key risk factors for erosive tooth wear in the primary dentition of children up to 7 years of age.

Design: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched in February 2023 for observational studies reporting prevalence and anamnestic risk factors.

Typology of solutions addressing diagnostic disparities: gaps and opportunities.

Objectives: Diagnostic disparities are preventable differences in diagnostic errors or opportunities to achieve diagnostic excellence. There is a need to summarize solutions with explicit considerations for addressing diagnostic disparities. We aimed to describe potential solutions to diagnostic disparities, organize them into an action-oriented typology with illustrative examples, and characterize these solutions to identify gaps for their further development.

Use of Multiple-Choice Items in Summative Examinations: Questionnaire Survey Among German Undergraduate Dental Training Programs.

Background: Multiple-choice examinations are frequently used in German dental schools. However, details regarding the used item types and applied scoring methods are lacking.

Objective: This study aims to gain insight into the current use of multiple-choice items (ie, questions) in summative examinations in German undergraduate dental training programs.

Neural correlates of stress-reactive rumination in depression - The role of childhood trauma and social anxiety.

Recent work showed an association of prefrontal dysfunctions in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and social stress induced rumination. However, up to date it is unclear which etiological features of MDD might cause prefrontal dysfunctions. In the study at hand, we aimed to replicate recent findings, that showed prefrontal activation alterations during the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and subsequently increased stress-reactive rumination in MDD compared to healthy controls.

Patient and care partner assessments of diagnostic excellence in the emergency department: A cognitive interview study.

Background: Diagnostic excellence encompasses both receiving an accurate and timely explanation of a health problem that was communicated well, and the process it took to get to the correct diagnosis. Directly eliciting patients' perceptions of their diagnostic experience and outcomes after emergency visits is a promising method of assessing diagnostic excellence. However, little is known about how patients interpret and respond to questions about their diagnostic experiences and outcomes.

Low-fluoride gels supplemented with nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate reduce dentin erosive wear in vitro.

Objective: The study assessed the effect of low-fluoride gels supplemented with micrometric or nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on dentin erosive wear in vitro.

Design: Bovine dentin blocks (n = 154) were selected by surface microhardness and randomly allocated into seven groups (n = 22/group), according to the gels: Placebo; 4500 ppm F (4500F); 9000 ppm F (9000F); 5% TMP microparticulate plus 4500F (5TMPm+4500F); 2.5% TMP nanoparticulate plus 4500 F (2.

Effect of different brushing parameters on erosive tooth wear in primary bovine enamel and dentin.

This in-vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of brushing and different brushing parameters (kind of toothpaste, kind of toothbrush, brushing force) on erosive tooth wear of primary bovine enamel and dentin. Specimens were prepared from primary bovine enamel or dentin (each group n = 12) and cyclically eroded (6 × 60 s/d, citric acid, pH 2.4) and brushed with children's toothbrushes (2 × 15 s/d) over 5 days.

Anamnestic risk factors for erosive tooth wear: Systematic review, mapping, and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Erosive tooth wear is a multifactorial condition. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify key risk factors for erosive tooth wear in permanent dentition.

Study Selection: Observational studies reporting anamnestic risk factors for erosive tooth wear.

Dentin Bond Strength of Dental Adhesives Functionalized with Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes.

This study analyzed the dentin shear bond strength (SBS) of an etch-and-rinse (ER) or a self-etch (SE) adhesive incorporated with multifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (MA-POSS-8). An ER adhesive (Solobond Plus, VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany) and a universal adhesive applied in SE mode (Scotchbond Universal, 3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) were infiltrated with MA-POSS-8 (Hybrid Plastics Inc.

Piperazine-Fused Cyclic Disulfides Unlock High-Performance Bioreductive Probes of Thioredoxins and Bifunctional Reagents for Thiol Redox Biology.

We report piperazine-fused six-membered-cyclic disulfides as redox substrates that unlock best-in-class bioreduction probes for live cell biology, since their self-immolation after reduction is unprecedentedly rapid. We develop scalable, diastereomerically pure, six-step syntheses that access four key - and -piperazine-fused cyclic dichalcogenides without chromatography. Fluorogenic redox probes using the disulfide piperazines are activated >100-fold faster than the prior art monoamines, allowing us to deconvolute reduction and cyclization rates during activation.

Quality of Patient-Centered eHealth Information on Erosive Tooth Wear: Systematic Search and Evaluation of Websites and YouTube Videos.

Background: Due to the declining prevalence of dental caries, noncarious tooth defects such as erosive tooth wear have gained increased attention over the past decades. While patients more frequently search the internet for health-related information, the quality of patient-centered, web-based health information on erosive tooth wear is currently unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the quality of patient-centered, web-based health information (websites and YouTube videos) on erosive tooth wear.

Pharmacogenomic knowledge and awareness among diverse patients treated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.

We developed novel electronic phenotyping algorithms for the Bio biobank data, which accurately identified angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)-induced angioedema cases and controls. A survey was mailed to all 1075 patients and 91 were returned. Over a third reported that prescribing physicians had not discussed with them the concepts of interindividual drug response variability or adverse event risk, and 73% of patients were previously unaware of pharmacogenomics; however, most patients were interested in having pharmacogenomic testing.

Assessing Cognitive Apprenticeship Impact on Clinical Reasoning in Third-Year Student Pharmacists.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing a cognitive apprenticeship theory (CAT) model into a Doctor of Pharmacy course in improving clinical reasoning skills of third-year student pharmacists over time and preparing them for Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs).

Methods: This was a single center, nonrandomized, observational before-and-after study from January 2022 through May 2022. Third-year student pharmacists enrolled in the Critical Care Integrated Drugs and Disease pharmacotherapy course at the University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy were administered a well-established and nationally recognized clinical patient case assessment on weeks 1 and 15 of the course.

The Role of a Pharmacy Administration and Leadership Rotation within Postgraduate Year Two Critical Care Residency Training.

Introduction: The job of a critical care pharmacy specialist has evolved to include quality improvement and administrative tasks. As such, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) highlights specific goals and objectives to ensure post-graduate year two (PGY2) critical care residents are sufficiently trained to perform these tasks. The PGY2 critical care pharmacy residency leadership at the University of Kentucky sought to develop a four-week learning experience entitled, "Critical Care Administration / Medication Use Quality & Outcomes," as a unique rotation to capture these requirements and activities.

Oral health in patients with different sites of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is not different.

Oral health might not only act as risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but might also have a predictive value for the patients' survival. Currently, information on the effect of oral health on survival of patients with different sites of HNSCC is lacking. This single-center retrospective study aimed to compare oral health in patients with different sites of HNSCC and to analyse whether oral health is associated with survival in the different subsets of HNSCC patients.

Excitatory stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex reduces cognitive gambling biases via improved feedback learning.

Humans are subject to a variety of cognitive biases, such as the framing-effect or the gambler's fallacy, that lead to decisions unfitting of a purely rational agent. Previous studies have shown that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a key role in making rational decisions and that stronger vmPFC activity is associated with attenuated cognitive biases. Accordingly, dysfunctions of the vmPFC are associated with impulsive decisions and pathological gambling.

In situ fNIRS measurements during cognitive behavioral emotion regulation training in rumination-focused therapy: A randomized-controlled trial.

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT), including rumination, plays a key role in various psychopathologies. Although several psychotherapeutic treatments have been developed to reduce RNT, the neural correlates of those specific treatments and of psychotherapy in general are largely unknown. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers the potential to investigate the neural correlates of psychotherapeutic techniques in situ.