Medium-Enhanced cc[over ¯] Radiation.

We show that the same QCD formalism that accounts for the suppression of high-p_{T} hadron and jet spectra in heavy-ion collisions predicts medium-enhanced production of cc[over ¯] pairs in jets. We demonstrate that this phenomenon, which cannot be accessed by traditional jet-quenching observables, can be directly observed using D^{0}D[over ¯]^{0}-tagged jets in nuclear collisions.

Discovery of antiplasmodial pyridine carboxamides and thiocarboxamides.

Malaria continues to be a significant burden, particularly in Africa, which accounts for 95% of malaria deaths worldwide. Despite advances in malaria treatments, malaria eradication is hampered by insecticide and antimalarial drug resistance. Consequently, the need to discover new antimalarial lead compounds remains urgent.

Discovering Partonic Rescattering in Light Nucleus Collisions.

We demonstrate that oxygen-oxygen collisions at the LHC provide unprecedented sensitivity to parton energy loss in a system whose size is comparable to those created in very peripheral heavy-ion collisions. With leading and next-to-leading order calculations of nuclear modification factors, we show that the baseline in the absence of partonic rescattering is known with up to 2% theoretical accuracy in inclusive oxygen-oxygen collisions. Surprisingly, a Z-boson normalized nuclear modification factor does not lead to higher theoretical accuracy within current uncertainties of nuclear parton distribution functions.

Early- and Late-Time Behavior of Attractors in Heavy-Ion Collisions.

Whether, how, and to what extent solutions of Bjorken-expanding systems become insensitive to aspects of their initial conditions is of importance for heavy-ion collisions. Here we study 1+1D and phenomenologically relevant boost-invariant 3+1D systems in which initial conditions approach a universal attractor. In Israel-Stewart theory (IS) and kinetic theory where the universal attractor extends to arbitrarily early times, we show that all initial conditions approach the attractor at early times by a power law while their approach is exponential at late times.

Expression of the neuropeptides RFamide and LWamide during development of the coral Acropora millepora in relation to settlement and metamorphosis.

Neuropeptides play critical roles in cnidarian development. However, although they are known to play key roles in settlement and metamorphosis, their temporal and spatial developmental expression has not previously been characterized in any coral. We here describe Acropora millepora LWamide and RFamide and their developmental expression from the time of their first appearance, using in situ hybridization and FMRFamide immunohistochemistry.

First-Trimester Placental Growth Factor in Screening for Gestational Diabetes.

Objective: The aim of this study was first to assess whether first-trimester serum concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF) differ between patients with and without gestational diabetes (GDM) and second to test whether there is a correlation between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a factor recently shown to be useful in predicting GDM, and PlGF.

Methods: PlGF was measured at 8-14 weeks with the Kryptor Immunoassay Analyzer (Brahms, Berlin, Germany). Absolute values were converted to multiples of the median using the software provided by the Fetal Medicine Foundation London.

Incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant Swiss women.

Question Under Study: The epidemiology of preeclampsia in Switzerland is known only from a retrospective registry study. This analysis aimed to prospectively determine the incidence of preeclampsia in a cohort of pregnant women in Switzerland.

Methods: Pregnant women presenting at gestational week 11-14 at their obstetrician's office were consecutively included and prospectively followed-up until the end of pregnancy.

Accelerating cosmological expansion from shear and bulk viscosity.

The dissipation of energy from local velocity perturbations in the cosmological fluid affects the time evolution of spatially averaged fluid dynamic fields and the cosmological solution of Einstein's field equations. We show how this backreaction effect depends on shear and bulk viscosity and other material properties of the dark sector, as well as the spectrum of perturbations. If sufficiently large, this effect could account for the acceleration of the cosmological expansion.

Switching photochromic molecules adsorbed on optical microfibres.

The internal state of organic photochromic spiropyran molecules adsorbed on optical microfibres is optically controlled and measured by state-dependent light absorption. Repeated switching between the states is achieved by exposure to the evanescent field of a few nanowatts of light guided in the microfibre. By adjusting the microfibre evanescent field strength the dynamic equilibrium state of the molecules is controlled.

Measurement of submicrometre diameters of tapered optical fibres using harmonic generation.

Applications of subwavelength-diameter optical fibres in nonlinear optics require precise knowledge of the submicrometre fibre waist diameter. We demonstrate a new technique for optical measurement of the diameter based on second- and third-harmonic generation with an accuracy of better than 2%. To generate the harmonic light, inter-modal phase matching must be achieved.

Eccentricity fluctuations make flow measurable in high multiplicity p-p collisions.

Elliptic flow is a hallmark of collectivity in hadronic collisions. Its measurement relies on analysis techniques which require high event multiplicity and so far can only be applied to heavy ion collisions. Here, we delineate the conditions under which elliptic flow becomes measurable in the samples of high-multiplicity (dN(ch)/dy > or = 50) p-p collisions, which will soon be collected at the LHC.

Local Monte Carlo implementation of the non-Abelian Landau-Pomeranschuk-Migdal effect.

The non-Abelian Landau-Pomeranschuk-Migdal (LPM) effect arises from the quantum interference between spatially separated, inelastic radiation processes in matter. A consistent probabilistic implementation of this LPM effect is a prerequisite for extending the use of Monte Carlo (MC) event generators to the simulation of jetlike multiparticle final states in nuclear collisions. Here, we propose a local MC algorithm, which is based solely on relating the LPM effect to the probabilistic concept of formation time for virtual quanta.

[The highly gifted persons study by Adele Juda 1927-1955. Pinnacle and end of psychiatric genius research in Germany].

Between 1927 and 1944 the psychiatrist Adele Juda (*1888-+1949) studied the biographies of more than 600 German-speaking "geniuses" and their families from a period between 1648 and 1920. The concept of this so-called "Höchstbegabtenstudie" (study on high-gifted persons) had been developed by the psychiatrist, human geneticist and racial hygienist Ernst Rüdin, director of the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Psychiatrie in Munich from 1917 to 1945. Juda's study was aimed at a re-examination of the "Genie-Irrsins-Hypothese" (genius-madness-theory) having been much discussed in medicine and anthropology since Cesare Lombroso, as it was hardly consistent with some of Rüdin's racial-hygienic concepts.

Anti-de sitter/conformal-field-theory calculation of screening in a hot wind.

One of the challenges in relating experimental measurements of the suppression in the number of J/psi mesons produced in heavy ion collisions to lattice QCD calculations is that whereas the lattice calculations treat J/psi mesons at rest, in a heavy ion collision a cc[over ] pair can have a significant velocity with respect to the hot fluid produced in the collision. The putative J/psi finds itself in a hot wind. We present the first rigorous nonperturbative calculation of the consequences of a wind velocity v on the screening length L(s) for a heavy quark-antiquark pair in hot N=4 supersymmetric QCD.

Calculating the jet quenching parameter.

Models of medium-induced radiative parton energy loss account for the strong suppression of high-p(T) hadron spectra in square root of (S)NN=200 GeV Au-Au collisions at BNL RHIC in terms of a single "jet quenching parameter" q. We observe that q can be given a model-independent, nonperturbative, quantum field theoretic definition in terms of the short-distance behavior of a particular lightlike Wilson loop. We then use the anti-de Sitter/conformal-field-theory correspondence to obtain a strong-coupling calculation of q in hot N=4 supersymmetric QCD, finding q(SYM)=26.

Implications for molecular mechanisms of glycoprotein hormone receptors using a new sequence-structure-function analysis resource.

Comparison between wild-type and mutated glycoprotein hormone receptors (GPHRs), TSH receptor, FSH receptor, and LH-chorionic gonadotropin receptor is established to identify determinants involved in molecular activation mechanism. The basic aims of the current work are 1) the discrimination of receptor phenotypes according to the differences between activity states they represent, 2) the assignment of classified phenotypes to three-dimensional structural positions to reveal 3) functional-structural hot spots and 4) interrelations between determinants that are responsible for corresponding activity states. Because it is hard to survey the vast amount of pathogenic and site-directed mutations at GPHRs and to improve an almost isolated consideration of individual point mutations, we present a system for systematic and diversified sequence-structure-function analysis (http://www.

Proof of partial imbalances 6q and 11q due to maternal complex balanced translocation analyzed by microdissection of multicolor labeled chromosomes (FISH-MD) in a patient with Dandy-Walker variant.

We report on a family in which a daughter is described with mental retardation, as well as malformations of the heart, and of the brain (Dandy-Walker variant). The patient's phenotype suggests a chromosomal rearrangement. However, her karyotype was unremarkable by conventional cytogenetic analysis.

Use of RNA interference in Drosophila S2 cells to identify host pathways controlling compartmentalization of an intracellular pathogen.

Three genome-wide RNA interference screens were performed in Drosophila S2 cells to dissect the contribution of host processes to Listeria monocytogenes entry, vacuolar escape, and intracellular growth. Among the 116 genes identified, several host pathways previously unrecognized as playing a role in listerial pathogenesis were identified: knockdowns affecting vacuolar trafficking to and from the multivesicular body bypassed the requirement for the essential pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O in mediating escape from phagocytic vacuoles and knockdowns affecting either subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase, a key enzyme in ceramide and sphingolipid biosynthesis, enhanced the toxicity of listeriolysin O expressed in the host cell cytosol, leading to lack of appropriate toxin activity compartmentalization and host cell death. Genome-wide RNA interference screens using Drosophila S2 cells proved to be a powerful approach to dissect host-pathogen interactions.

The solution structure of an N-terminally truncated version of the yeast CDC24p PB1 domain shows a different beta-sheet topology.

Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domains mediate protein-protein interactions via the formation of homo- or hetero-dimers. The C-terminal PB1 domain of yeast cell division cycle 24 (CDC24p), a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor involved in cell polarity establishment, is known to interact with the PB1 domain occurring in bud emergence MSB1 interacting 1 (BEM1p) during the regulation of the yeast budding process via its OPR/PC/AID (OPCA) motif. Here, we present the structure of an N-terminally truncated version of the Sc CDC24p PB1 domain.

Structural basis for APPTPPPLPP peptide recognition by the FBP11WW1 domain.

WW domains are small protein-protein interaction modules that recognize proline-rich stretches in proteins. The class II tandem WW domains of the formin binding protein 11 (FBP11) recognize specifically proteins containing PPLPp motifs as present in the formins that are involved in limb and kidney development, and in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), associated with the Rett syndrome. The interaction involves the specific recognition of a leucine side-chain.

Relating high-energy Lepton-Hadron, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions through geometric scaling.

A characteristic feature of small-x lepton-proton data from HERA is geometric scaling: the fact that in the region of small Bjorken variable x, x less, similar 0.01, all data can be described by a single variable Q(2)/Q(2)(s,p)(x), with all x dependence encoded in the so-called saturation momentum Q(s,p)(x). Here, we observe that the same scaling ansatz accounts for nuclear photoabsorption cross sections and favors the nuclear dependence Q(2)(s,A) proportional, variant A(alpha)Q(2)(s,p), alpha approximately 4/9.

Measuring the collective flow with jets.

In nucleus-nucleus collisions, high-p(T) partons interact with a dense medium, which possesses strong collective flow components. Here, we demonstrate that the resulting medium-induced gluon radiation does not depend solely on the energy density of the medium, but also on the collective flow. Both components can be disentangled by the measurement of particle production associated with high-p(T) trigger particles, jetlike correlations, and jets.

Comparative structural and energetic analysis of WW domain-peptide interactions.

WW domains are small globular protein interaction modules found in a wide spectrum of proteins. They recognize their target proteins by binding specifically to short linear peptide motifs that are often proline-rich. To infer the determinants of the ligand binding propensities of WW domains, we analyzed 42 WW domains.