A crisis of exhaustion in the game of escalation: a qualitative exploration of the consequences of occupational burnout among addiction therapists.

Purpose: Research shows that occupational burnout can affect health, the quality of personal relationships, and levels of job satisfaction and engagement. At the same time, the impact of individual burnout at the group and organisational levels has tended to be neglected. We aim to provide theoretical insights into the multidimensionality of burnout consequences at the individual, interpersonal and societal levels.

Motives for using new psychoactive substances in three groups of Polish users: nightlife, marginalised and active on the In.

Objectives: The aim of this article is to present the motives for using new psychoactive substances (NPS) among users in Poland and to evaluate the relationships between motives and consumption of different types of NPS.

Methods: The fieldwork was conducted in four locations: in Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan, and Tricity. The study involved a total of 596 users of new psychoactive substances.

Mobile application recovery support for patients with an alcohol use disorder. Acceptance, usability, and perceived helpfulness.

The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore the experiences of patients of abstinence-oriented treatment programs, who were using a mobile application (mWSPARCIE) after completing a 6-week inpatient treatment program, and to assess its role as a tool supporting the process of recovery initiated in the treatment facility. Telephone in-depth interviews were conducted after six months of application use among a convenience sample of former patients of the inpatient treatment (n = 33). Transcriptions of the interviews were analyzed and coded sentence-by-sentence.

"It'll Never Be Safe, But You Can Limit the Harms". Exploring Adolescents' Strategies to Reduce Harms Associated with Psychoactive Substance Use.

: Harm reduction strategies are behaviors that may be applied in order to reduce adverse consequences associated with psychoactive substance use. Adolescents who use substances make up a large population that may benefit from applying such strategies. However, previous research in this area has focused on adults.

Negative consequences of novel psychoactive substances use among the Polish users.

Objectives: The use of the novel psychoactive substances (NPS) is a relatively new phenomenon on the Polish drug scene. At the same time, it is rapidly growing group of substances. The aim of the article is to present the negative consequences to physical, mental and social health due to novel psychoactive substances use.

Risk perception and risk aversion among people who use New Psychoactive Substances.

Introduction: New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are often considered to be harmful and less safe alternatives to traditional recreational drugs. Yet we have little knowledge of the ways in which risk aversion affects NPS risk perception and how risk judgements differ across types of NPS. In the analysis that follows, we investigate whether the perceived severity of risk is amplified or attenuated by users' experiences, risk avoidance strategies and modes of knowledge on risk.

Patients' and professionals' beliefs about the impact of social stigmatization on treatment of gambling-related disorders.

Objectives: Studies carried out so far have shown that negative stereotypes concerning people with gambling disorders and, in particular, the belief that these people bear personal responsibility for their illness, can significantly contribute to the stigmatization of these people. Shame and fear of stigmatization significantly hinder the decision to start treatment. This study investigates the beliefs of respondents about the impact of stigmatization of people with gambling disorders on the social perception of treatment of gambling disorders and the beliefs of respondents about the impact of stigmatization on undertaking treatment or seeking help.

Psychometric properties of the Polish version of two screening tests for gambling disorders: the Problem Gambling Severity Index and Lie/Bet Questionnaire.

To date, no screening tests for gambling disorders have been adapted and validated in Central and Eastern Europe. The aim of this study is to adapt the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and Lie/Bet questionnaire (Lie/Bet) and assess their psychometric properties once translated for use with the Polish population. A mixed sample (N = 300) was drawn from venues, social media, snowballing and treatment centers.

Screening of problem gambling among a homeless population in Warsaw.

Background: While homelessness and problem gambling are both recognised as social and public health concerns and the prevalence of addictive disorders among homeless populations tends to be high. These questions have been studied predominantly independently.

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the co-occurrence of the two phenomena among the homeless population using shelters and night shelters in Warsaw, and, more specifically, to provide information about the forms and frequency of gambling in this homeless population.

Perceived social stigmatisation of gambling disorders and coping with stigma.

Aim: This study concerns perceived social stigmatisation of gambling disorder and its determinants, the self-perceptions of people with gambling disorder (self-stigma) and how they cope with stigma.

Design: In total, 30 interviews with persons with gambling disorder and 60 with professionals were conducted. Selective sampling procedures were employed in the recruitment phase.

Why do people use new psychoactive substances? Development of a new measurement tool in six European countries.

Introduction: New psychoactive substances (NPS) pose a public health threat. Many studies have tried to identify the reasons of NPS use; however, none of them have so far used any standardised measures. The aim of this study was (i) to develop and cross-culturally validate the New Psychoactive Substance Use Motives Measure (NPSMM) and (ii) to compare motives of NPS use across countries and user types.

What makes people with gambling disorder undergo treatment? Patient and professional perspectives.

Aims: The aim of the article is to identify factors which bring people with gambling disorder to undergo treatment. We are interested in exploring motives that trigger change; identifying factors determining choice of facility; recognising barriers and facilitators appearing during treatment.

Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Poland with people with gambling disorder, as well as with social workers, therapists, General Practitioners (GP) and psychiatrists.

Health and Social Problems Associated with Recent Novel Psychoactive Substance (NPS) Use Amongst Marginalised, Nightlife and Online Users in Six European Countries.

Continued diversification and use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) across Europe remains a public health challenge. The study describes health and social consequences of recent NPS use as reported in a survey of marginalised, nightlife and online NPS users in the Netherlands, Hungary, Portugal, Ireland, Germany and Poland ( = 3023). Some respondents were unable to categorise NPS they had used.

Barriers in the access to alcohol treatment in outpatient clinics in urban and rural community.

Objectives: The aim of the study was identification of the barriers making it notably more challenging to access clinics in urban and rural communities.

Methods: The method, which was used in this study adopts the qualitative research perspective. The research tool was an interview with a standardized list of desired information.

Barriers in Access to the Treatment for People with Gambling Disorders. Are They Different from Those Experienced by People with Alcohol and/or Drug Dependence?

A prevalence of gambling disorders is diversified depending on the region of the world. Almost three quarters of pathological gamblers had never sought a professional treatment as well as an assistance in self-help groups. Reasons why they do not initiate a treatment are complex.

What influences changes in alcoholic beverage consumption over time? Poland in the light of the European Union Amphora study.

This paper is based on the Polish country-level final report of the European Union Amphora study: contextual determinants and alcohol polices. The authors present the results of a time series analysis model designed to explore and explain the influence of selected alcoholic beverage control policy measures and unplanned sociodemographical determinants on changes in alcoholic beverage consumption from 1960 to the 2000s in Poland. Complex historical and social changes are described, which occurred during the 50 years covered by the study.