Incidental findings of borderline ovarian tumor or ovarian cancer - real-world data on surgical and oncological outcomes.

Introduction: Centralization of ovarian cancer treatment is associated with higher rates of optimal surgery and longer survival. However, preoperative diagnosis of ovarian cancer is challenging and some diagnoses are made incidentally after surgery. This study investigated the surgical and oncological outcomes of patients with incidental findings of borderline ovarian tumors or ovarian cancer who were centralized postoperatively and treated with a two-stage surgical procedure, and compared these with those of patients with adnexal masses of suspected malignancy who were offered a single-stage surgical procedure with intraoperative frozen section in a tertiary hospital.

Combined analysis of albumin in situ hybridisation and C reactive protein immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: towards a molecular classification paradigm.

Aims: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is a diagnosis of exclusion that can pose a challenge to the pathologist despite thorough clinical workup. Although several immunohistochemical markers have been proposed for iCCA, none of them reached clinical practice. We here assessed the combined usage of two promising diagnostic approaches, albumin in situ hybridisation (Alb-ISH) and C reactive protein (CRP) immunohistochemistry, for distinguishing iCCA from other adenocarcinoma primaries.

Real-World Data on Institutional Implementation of Screening for Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Lynch Syndrome in Endometrial Cancer Patients.

Lynch syndrome is an inherited tumor syndrome caused by a pathogenic germline variant in DNA mismatch repair genes. As the leading cause of hereditary endometrial cancer, international guidelines recommend universal screening in women with endometrial cancer. However, testing for Lynch syndrome is not yet well established in clinical practice.

Reviving peritoneal cytology: Exploring its role in endometrial cancer molecular classification.

Objective: The prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology in endometrial cancer has long been debated. In 2009, the Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (FIGO) removed cytology as a staging criterion from the endometrial cancer staging system. However, there is still evidence that positive peritoneal cytology may decrease survival among patients with endometrial cancer.

Real-World Data Assessing the Impact of Lymphovascular Space Invasion on the Diagnostic Performance of Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Endometrial Cancer.

Background: SLN mapping has emerged as a standard of care in endometrial cancer due to its high sensitivity and significant reduction in morbidity. Although lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is a known risk factor for lymph node metastasis and recurrence, evidence on the reliability of SLN mapping in LVSI-positive patients is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of LVSI on the diagnostic performance of SLN mapping.

The Role of Additional Staining in the Assessment of the Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) in Peritoneal Metastasis of Gastric Origin.

Introduction: The Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) is a 4-tied histologic regression grading score for determining the response of peritoneal metastasis to chemotherapy. Peritoneal biopsies in every abdominal quadrant are recommended. A positive therapy response is defined as a decreasing or stable mean PRGS between 2 therapy cycles.

Peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS): first evidence for independent predictive and prognostic significance.

Objectives: The peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) is a four-tied pathologic score measuring tumor regression in biopsies from patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) receiving chemotherapy.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of a prospective registry (NCT03210298) analyses 97 patients with isolated PM under palliative chemotherapy. We examined the predictive value of the initial PRGS for overall survival (OS) and the prognostic value of PRGS in repeated peritoneal biopsies.

Peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) in peritoneal metastasis: how many biopsies should be examined?

Objectives: The four-tied peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) is increasingly used to evaluate the response of peritoneal metastases (PM) to chemotherapy. The minimal number of peritoneal biopsies needed for PRGS determination remains unclear.

Methods: A prospective cohort of 89 PM patients treated with 210 pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) cycles was investigated.

Evaluating the diagnostic value of zoom endoscopic surveillance compared to routine biopsy after intestinal transplantation.

Background: After intestinal transplantation, close allograft monitoring especially during the early postoperative period is crucial since the intestine is a highly immunogenic organ. Current protocols are based on endoscopic and histologic examination with the latter one being linked to the risk of bleeding and perforation.

Aims: Evaluation of the diagnostic value of endoscopy utilizing magnification to predict acute cellular rejection compared to routine allograft biopsies.

Role of immunohistochemistry for interobserver agreement of Peritoneal Regression Grading Score in peritoneal metastasis.

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC)-directed therapy is a new treatment option for peritoneal metastasis (PM). The 4-tiered Peritoneal Regression Grading Score (PRGS) has been proposed for assessment of histological treatment response. We aimed to evaluate the effect of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on interobserver agreement of the PRGS.

Thyroid Metastasis in Whole-Body 18F-FDG PET/CT Restaging of Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Incidental findings of thyroid lesions, some of which show increased FDG uptake, are common in whole-body FDG PET/CT imaging of oncological patients. As metastases to the thyroid are extremely rare, it is often a matter of debate, whether thyroid lesions should be considered as benign goiter or evaluated further. Here, we present the case of a 65-year-old woman with history of small cell lung cancer and multiple thyroid lesions, classified as benign nodular goiter.

A human coculture model to investigate peritoneal metastasis and innovative treatment options.

Objectives: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is commonly observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The outcome of these patients is poor, with an average survival of only six months without therapy, which requires a better understanding of PM biology and new treatment strategies.

Methods: We established and characterized a human peritoneal model to investigate the mechanisms of peritoneal seeding and possible treatment options.

shRNA-mediated inhibition of PhosphoGlycerate Kinase 1 (PGK1) enhances cytotoxicity of intraperitoneal chemotherapy in peritoneal metastasis of gastric origin.

Background: Phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) plays metabolic, kinase and translational roles in Peritoneal metastasis (PM) of gastric origin and is associated with chemoresistance. Silencing PGK1 might potentiate the effect of chemotherapy.

Methods: In an orthoptic xenograft nude mice model, human gastric cancer cells (MKN45) were grown in 22 donor animals.

Cachexia Anorexia Syndrome and Associated Metabolic Dysfunction in Peritoneal Metastasis.

Patients with peritoneal metastasis (PM) of gastrointestinal and gynecological origin present with a nutritional deficit characterized by increased resting energy expenditure (REE), loss of muscle mass, and protein catabolism. Progression of peritoneal metastasis, as with other advanced malignancies, is associated with cancer cachexia anorexia syndrome (CAS), involving poor appetite (anorexia), involuntary weight loss, and chronic inflammation. Eventual causes of mortality include dysfunctional metabolism and energy store exhaustion.

A real-time model (eIBUB) for optimizing intraperitoneal drug delivery as an alternative to living animal models.

Background: Optimization of intraperitoneal drug delivery systems requires functional models. We proposed the Inverted Bovine Urinary Bladder Model (IBUB), but IBUB does not allow repeated measurements over time and there is a significant biological variability between organs.

Methods: A further development of IBUB is presented, based on the physical principle of communicating vessels.

Deep learning outperformed 11 pathologists in the classification of histopathological melanoma images.

Background: The diagnosis of most cancers is made by a board-certified pathologist based on a tissue biopsy under the microscope. Recent research reveals a high discordance between individual pathologists. For melanoma, the literature reports on 25-26% of discordance for classifying a benign nevus versus malignant melanoma.

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy with low-dose cisplatin and doxorubicin (PIPAC C/D) in patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis: a phase II study.

Background: Efficacy of second-line systemic chemotherapy in recurrent gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis (RGCPM) is limited. We assessed the feasibility, safety and possible efficacy of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) in patients with RGCPM after ⩾1 line of palliative intravenous chemotherapy.

Methods: In this open-label, single-arm, monocentric phase II ICH-GCP clinical trial, patients were scheduled for three courses of PIPAC with cisplatin 7.

Resistance to anoikis in transcoelomic shedding: the role of glycolytic enzymes.

Detachment of cells from the extracellular matrix into the peritoneal cavity initiates a cascade of metabolic alterations, leading usually to cell death by apoptosis, so-called . Glycolytic enzymes enable the switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and allow resistance to anoikis of shed tumour cells. These enzymes also have moonlighting activities as protein kinases and transcription factors.

Reproducibility of the peritoneal regression grading score for assessment of response to therapy in peritoneal metastasis.

Aims: The four-tiered peritoneal regression grading score (PRGS) assesses the response to chemotherapy in peritoneal metastasis (PM). The PRGS is used, for example, to assess the response to pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). However, the reproducibility of the PRGS is currently unknown.