Survival in critical illness is associated with early activation of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Rationale: We previously reported outcome-associated decreases in muscle energetic status and mitochondrial dysfunction in septic patients with multiorgan failure. We postulate that survivors have a greater ability to maintain or recover normal mitochondrial functionality.

Objectives: To determine whether mitochondrial biogenesis, the process promoting mitochondrial capacity, is affected in critically ill patients.