A nucleoside signal generated by a fungal endophyte regulates host cell death and promotes root colonization.

The intracellular colonization of plant roots by the beneficial fungal endophyte Serendipita indica follows a biphasic strategy, including a host cell death phase that enables successful colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. How host cell death is initiated and controlled is largely unknown. Here, we show that two fungal enzymes, the ecto-5'-nucleotidase SiE5NT and the nuclease SiNucA, act synergistically in the apoplast at the onset of cell death to produce deoxyadenosine (dAdo).

Aneurysm healing following treatment with biodegradable embolization materials: assessment in a rat sidewall aneurysm model.

Background: Biodegradable materials that dissolve after aneurysm healing are promising techniques in the field of neurointerventional surgery. We investigated the effects of various bioabsorable materials in combination with degradable magnesium alloy stents and evaluated aneurysm healing in a rat aneurysm model.

Methods: Saccular aneurysms were created by end-to-side anastomosis in the abdominal aorta of Wistar rats.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear organoids recapitulate otic development in vitro.

Our molecular understanding of the early stages of human inner ear development has been limited by the difficulty in accessing fetal samples at early gestational stages. As an alternative, previous studies have shown that inner ear morphogenesis can be partially recapitulated using induced pluripotent stem cells directed to differentiate into inner ear organoids (IEOs). Once validated and benchmarked, these systems could represent unique tools to complement and refine our understanding of human otic differentiation and model developmental defects.

Topographic distribution of inflammation factors in a healing aneurysm.

Background: Healing of intracranial aneurysms following endovascular treatment relies on the organization of early thrombus into mature scar tissue and neointima formation. Activation and deactivation of the inflammation cascade plays an important role in this process. In addition to timely evolution, its topographic distribution is hypothesized to be crucial for successful aneurysm healing.

Human pluripotent stem cells-derived inner ear organoids recapitulate otic development .

Our molecular understanding of the early stages of human inner ear development has been limited by the difficulty in accessing fetal samples at early gestational stages. As an alternative, previous studies have shown that inner ear morphogenesis can be partially recapitulated using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) directed to differentiate into Inner Ear Organoids (IEOs). Once validated and benchmarked, these systems could represent unique tools to complement and refine our understanding of human otic differentiation and model developmental defects.

PolyGA targets the ER stress-adaptive response by impairing GRP75 function at the MAM in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD.

ER stress signaling is linked to the pathophysiological and clinical disease manifestations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we have investigated ER stress-induced adaptive mechanisms in C9ORF72-ALS/FTD, focusing on uncovering early endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms and the crosstalk between pathological and adaptive responses in disease onset and progression. We provide evidence for the early onset of ER stress-mediated adaptive response in C9ORF72 patient-derived motoneurons (MNs), reflected by the elevated increase in GRP75 expression.

Cycling in the era of Covid-19: The effects of the pandemic and pop-up cycle lanes on cycling practices.

This paper addresses the effects of the pandemic and of Covid pop-up cycle lanes on cycling. A questionnaire survey was carried out in Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland. The pandemic has strengthened the attractiveness of cycling both as a mode of transport and as a recreational activity, showing its resilience in a time of crisis.

Using a Cell-Tracer Injection to Investigate the Origin of Neointima-Forming Cells in a Rat Saccular Side Wall Model.

Microsurgical clipping creates a subsequent barrier of blood flow into intracranial aneurysms, whereas endovascular treatment relies on neointima and thrombus formation. The source of endothelial cells covering the endoluminal layer of the neointima remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the origin of neointima-forming cells after cell-tracer injection in the already well-established Helsinki rat microsurgical sidewall aneurysm model.

Parent artery-initiated and stent-mediated neointima formation in a rat saccular side wall model.

Background: Unlike clipping that forms an immediate barrier of blood flow into intracranial aneurysms, endovascular treatments rely on thrombus organization and neointima formation. Therefore, a continuous endothelial cell layer is crucial to prevent blood flow in the former aneurysm. This study investigates the origin of endothelial cells in the neointima of endovascular treated aneurysms, specifically whether cells from the parent artery play a role in neointima formation.

Co-Expression of Nogo-A in Dopaminergic Neurons of the Human Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Is Reduced in Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease is mainly characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Together with the small number, the high vulnerability of the dopaminergic neurons is a major pathogenic culprit of Parkinson's disease. Our previous findings of a higher survival of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra co-expressing Nogo-A in an animal model of Parkinson's disease suggested that Nogo-A may be associated with dopaminergic neurons resilience against Parkinson's disease neurodegeneration.

First-line surgery in prolactinomas: lessons from a long-term follow-up study in a tertiary referral center.

Context: Although consensus guidelines recommend dopamine agonists (DAs) as the first-line approach in prolactinomas, some patients may opt instead for upfront surgery, with the goal of minimizing the need for continuation of DAs over the long term. While this approach can be recommended in selected patients with a microprolactinoma, the indication for upfront surgery in macroprolactinomas remains controversial, with limited long-term data in large cohorts. We aimed at elucidating whether first-line surgery is equally safe and effective for patients with micro- or macroprolactinomas not extending beyond the median carotid line (i.

Aspirin treatment prevents inflammation in experimental bifurcation aneurysms in New Zealand White rabbits.

Background: Aneurysm wall degeneration is linked to growth and rupture. To address the effect of aspirin (ASA) on aneurysm formation under various wall conditions, this issue was analyzed in a novel rabbit bifurcation model.

Methods: Bifurcation aneurysms created in 45 New Zealand White rabbits were randomized to vital (n=15), decellularized (n=13), or elastase-degraded (n=17) wall groups; each group was assigned to a study arm with or without ASA.

Persistent bone impairment despite long-term control of hyperprolactinemia and hypogonadism in men and women with prolactinomas.

While prolactinoma patients have high bone turnover, current data are inconclusive when it comes to determining whether correction of hyperprolactinemia and associated hypogandism improves osteodensitometric data in men and women over the long term. In a large cohort of including 40 men and 60 women, we studied the long-term impact of prolactinoma treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in men versus women, assessed adverse effects of a primary surgical or medical approach, and evaluated data for risk factors for impaired BMD at last follow-up using multivariate regression analyses. Median duration of follow-up was 79 months (range 13-408 months).

Patterns of Neointima Formation After Coil or Stent Treatment in a Rat Saccular Sidewall Aneurysm Model.

Background And Purpose: Endovascular aneurysm treatment relies on a biological process, including cell migration for thrombus organization and growth of a neointima. To better understand aneurysm healing, our study explores the origin of neointima-forming and thrombus-organizing cells in a rat saccular sidewall aneurysm model.

Methods: Saccular aneurysms were transplanted onto the abdominal aorta of male Lewis rats and endovascularly treated with coils (n=28) or stents (n=26).

Tocilizumab Reduces Vasospasms, Neuronal Cell Death, and Microclot Formation in a Rabbit Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Early brain injury (EBI), delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) are common complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Inflammatory processes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are one of the causes for such complications. Our aim to study the effects of an IL-6 receptor antagonist (Tocilizumab) examines the occurrence of DCVS, neuronal cell death, and microclot formation in an acute SAH rabbit model.

Changes in the cerebrospinal fluid lipid profile following subarachnoid hemorrhage in a closed cranium model: Correlations to cerebral vasospasm, neuronal cell death and Interleukin-6 synthesis. A pilot study.

Background: Phospholipids and sphingolipids are cell membrane components, that participate in signaling events and regulate a wide variety of vital cellular processes. Sphingolipids are involved in ischemic stroke pathophysiology. Throughout cleavage of membrane sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinase in stroke patients, it results in increased Ceramide (Cer) levels in brain tissue.

Quantitative Characterization of Phenotypical Markers After Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Cells.

Background: The human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, has been widely used in neuroscience research, especially in studies related to Parkinson's disease. However, differences between clones have been demonstrated, highlighting the importance to characterize the properties of this cell line carefully.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype of undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells using various differentiation protocols.

Canadian Update on Surgical Procedures (CUSP) Urology Group consensus for intraoperative hemostasis during minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.

Introduction: Partial nephrectomy remains the gold standard in the management of small renal masses. However, minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) is associated with a steep learning curve, and optimal, standardized techniques for time-efficient hemostasis are poorly described. Given the relative lack of evidence, the goal was to describe a set of actionable guiding principles, through an expert working panel, for urologists to approach hemostasis without compromising warm ischemia or oncological outcomes.

Arterial Pouch Microsurgical Bifurcation Aneurysm Model in the Rabbit.

Endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms gained importance over the past decades, consequently there is an increased need of testing endovascular devices. Animal models respecting rheological, hemodynamic and aneurysm wall conditions are highly warranted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to design a novel standardized and reproducible surgical technique to create autologous arterial pouch bifurcation aneurysms with non-modified and modified wall conditions in rabbits.

Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Factors Exert Neuroprotection in Cultured Cortical Neuronal Progenitor Cells.

There is substantial evidence that stem and progenitor cells secrete trophic factors that have potential for repairing injured tissues. We have previously reported that the conditioned medium (CM) obtained from endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) cultures protects striatal neurons against 3-nitropropionic acid-induced toxicity. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that EPC-CM may support cortical neuronal cell function and/or survival.

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Methodological Quality in In Vivo Animal Studies of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

As a result of increased awareness of wide-spread methodological bias and obvious translational roadblocks in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) research, various checklists and guidelines were developed over the past decades. This systematic review assesses the overall methodological quality of preclinical SAH research. An electronic search for preclinical studies on SAH revealed 3415 potential articles.