A novel translational bioinformatics framework for facilitating multimodal data analyses in preclinical models of neurological injury.

Pediatric neurological injury and disease is a critical public health issue due to increasing rates of survival from primary injuries (e.g., cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury) and a lack of monitoring technologies and therapeutics for treatment of secondary neurological injury.

Amplitude spectrum area is dependent on the electrocardiogram magnitude: evaluation of different normalization approaches.

Amplitude Spectrum Area (AMSA) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform during ventricular fibrillation (VF) has shown promise as a predictor of defibrillation success during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, AMSA relies on the magnitude of the ECG waveform, raising concerns about reproducibility across different settings that may introduce magnitude bias. This study aimed to evaluate different AMSA normalization approaches and their impact on removing bias while preserving predictive value.

Novel High-tech, Low-cost Ventilation for Military Use, Mass Casualty Incidents, Stockpiling, and Underserved Communities.

Introduction: Despite the significant need for mechanical ventilation in- and out-of-hospital, mechanical ventilators remain inaccessible in many instances because of cost or size constraints. Mechanical ventilation is especially critical in trauma scenarios, but the impractical size and weight of standard mechanical ventilators restrict first responders from carrying them in medical aid bags, leading to reliance on imprecise manual bag-mask ventilation. This is particularly important in combat-related injury, where airway compromise and respiratory failure are leading causes of preventable death, but medics are left without necessary mechanical ventilation.

Normoxic Management during Cardiopulmonary Bypass Does Not Reduce Cerebral Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neonatal Swine.

Optimal oxygen management during pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is unknown. We previously demonstrated an increase in cortical mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and decreased mitochondrial function after CPB using hyperoxic oxygen management. This study investigates whether controlled oxygenation (normoxia) during CPB reduces cortical mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative injury.

Early Impairment of Cerebral Bioenergetics After Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Neonatal Swine.

We previously demonstrated cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction in neonatal swine immediately following a period of full-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The extent to which this dysfunction persists in the postoperative period and its correlation with other markers of cerebral bioenergetic failure and injury is unknown. We utilized a neonatal swine model to investigate the early evolution of mitochondrial function and cerebral bioenergetic failure after CPB.

The association of arterial blood pressure waveform-derived area duty cycle with intra-arrest hemodynamics and cardiac arrest outcomes.

Aim: Develop a novel, physiology-based measurement of duty cycle (Arterial Blood Pressure-Area Duty Cycle [ABP-ADC]) and evaluate the association of ABP-ADC with intra-arrest hemodynamics and patient outcomes.

Methods: This was a secondary retrospective study of prospectively collected data from the ICU-RESUS trial (NCT02837497). Invasive arterial waveform data were used to derive ABP-ADC.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Phosphorylated -Tau Antibody in a Pig Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in the generation of tau. As hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) is one of the major consequences of TBI, targeting p-tau in TBI may lead to the development of new therapy. Twenty-five pigs underwent a controlled cortical impact.

A Template for Translational Bioinformatics: Facilitating Multimodal Data Analyses in Preclinical Models of Neurological Injury.

Background: Pediatric neurological injury and disease is a critical public health issue due to increasing rates of survival from primary injuries (e.g., cardiac arrest, traumatic brain injury) and a lack of monitoring technologies and therapeutics for the treatment of secondary neurological injury.

Non-invasive diffuse optical monitoring of cerebral physiology in an adult swine-model of impact traumatic brain injury.

In this study, we used diffuse optics to address the need for non-invasive, continuous monitoring of cerebral physiology following traumatic brain injury (TBI). We combined frequency-domain and broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy with diffuse correlation spectroscopy to monitor cerebral oxygen metabolism, cerebral blood volume, and cerebral water content in an established adult swine-model of impact TBI. Cerebral physiology was monitored before and after TBI (up to 14 days post injury).

Simulating blood pressure and end tidal CO2 in a CPR training manikin.

Background And Objective: The American Heart Association supports titrating the mechanics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to blood pressure and end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) thresholds during in-hospital cardiac arrest. However, current CPR manikin training systems do not prepare clinicians to use these metrics to gauge their performance, and currently provide only feedback on hand placement, depth, rate, release, and interruptions of chest compressions. We addressed this training hardware deficiency through development of a novel CPR training manikin that displays simulated blood pressure and ETCO2 waveforms in real time on a simulated clinical monitor visible to the learner, reflecting the mechanics of chest compressions provided to the manikin.

A cognitive brain-computer interface for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are often based on the control of sensorimotor processes, yet sensorimotor processes are impaired in patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We devised a new paradigm that targets higher-level cognitive processes to transmit information from the user to the BCI. We instructed five ALS patients and twelve healthy subjects to either activate self-referential memories or to focus on a process without mnemonic content while recording a high-density electroencephalogram (EEG).

Brain-computer interfacing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Implications of a resting-state EEG analysis.

Despite decades of research on EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), there is still little known about how the disease affects the electromagnetic field of the brain. This may be one reason for the present failure of EEG-based BCI paradigms for completely locked-in ALS patients. In order to help understand this failure, we have recorded resting state data from six ALS patients and thirty-two healthy controls to investigate for group differences.

Wif-1 is expressed at cartilage-mesenchyme interfaces and impedes Wnt3a-mediated inhibition of chondrogenesis.

Wnt factors are involved in the regulation of all steps of cartilage development. The activity of Wnt factors is generally regulated at the extracellular level by factors like the Dkk family, sFRPs, Cerberus and Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif-1). Here we report that Wif-1 is highly expressed at cartilage-mesenchyme interfaces of the early developing skeleton.

Stable subclones of the chondrogenic murine cell line MC615 mimic distinct stages of chondrocyte differentiation.

Fourteen stable subclones derived from the murine chondrogenic cell line MC615 were established and characterised regarding their differentiation stages and responsivity to BMP2. Based on their gene expression profiles which revealed remarkable variances in Col2a1 and Col10a1 expression, subclones could be grouped into at least three distinct categories. Three representative subclones (4C3, 4C6 and 4H4) were further characterised with respect to gene expression pattern and differentiation capacity.