Different routes to the same destination? Comparing Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition Section II- and alternative model of personality disorder-defined borderline personality disorder.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is defined by the presence of at least five of nine symptoms in Section II of the , fifth edition. In the fifth edition, Section III Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD), BPD is defined by deficits in self and/or interpersonal functioning (Criterion A), elevated negative affectivity, and elevated antagonism and/or disinhibition (Criterion B). However, it is unclear if these definitions describe the same people and if the AMPD criteria explain unique variability in treatment outcomes in this population.

Development and Validation of the Five-Factor Borderline Inventory-Super Short Form and Screener.

The Five-Factor Borderline Inventory (FFBI) and FFBI-Short Form (FFBI-SF) are 120-item and 48-item measures that assess the underlying maladaptive personality traits of borderline personality disorder (BPD). The purpose of this study was to develop a super short form (FFBI-SSF) and an FFBI-Screener to facilitate the use of dimensional trait measures for BPD. Using item response theory analyses, the 48-item measure was reduced to 22 items using a large undergraduate sample ( = 1300) and then retested using a Mechanical Turk sample ( = 602), demonstrating strong replicability.

Parent Grandiose Narcissism and Child Socio-Emotional Well Being: The Role of Parenting.

Previous research has highlighted how parent narcissism relates to parenting broadly. However, research has not examined how facets of grandiose narcissism are associated with parenting tactics, nor how these facets may indirectly affect child development. The current study assesses parenting tactics as intervening variables in associations between facets of grandiose narcissism and child internalizing/externalizing.

Interpersonal and personality disorders: Commentary on Wright et al. (2022).

Wright et al. (2022) propose to replace personality disorders with a new classification of interpersonal disorders. We suggest that the trait model addresses well the limitations of the personality disorder categorical syndromes and accommodates the dynamics asserted as strengths of the interpersonal model.

Evidence-Based Assessment of Personality Disorder.

The purpose of this article is to provide a description and discussion of the evidence-based assessment of personality disorder. Considered herein is the assessment of the Section II personality disorders included within the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) (5th ed., text rev.

Psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder in the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: An attempted replication of Wygant et al. (2016).

The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Section III Alternative Model of Personality Disorder (AMPD) was developed to ameliorate some of the concerns of the Section II categorical model by moving away from the discrete boundaries of behaviorally specific criteria to a hybridized dimensional trait-based approach. Wygant et al. (2016) examined the extent to which the AMPD improved the operationalization of antisocial personality disorder to more closely align with psychopathy, a notable weakness of DSM-5 Section II (Crego & Widiger, 2015; Lynam & Vachon, 2012; Strickland et al.

Assessment of personality disorder in the ICD-11 diagnostic system: Polish validation of the Personality Inventory for ICD-11.

Objectives: This paper presents results of a study on the Polish adaptation of the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), which was developed to measure pathological traits under a new, dimensional model of personality disorders proposed in ICD-11.

Methods: The study involved a non-clinical sample of N = 597 adults (51.4% female; Mage = 30.

Traits are dynamic.

There has long been opposition to conceptualizing personality disorders as maladaptive variants of the 5-factor model. The debate though is now shifting away from the coverage of the , Section II personality disorders to the coverage of moment-to-moment contingencies within everyday life. Miskewicz et al.

Experimental Manipulation of the BFI-2, IPIP-NEO-120, and the IPC-5.

Research assessing the relationship of the five-factor model (FFM) to personality disorder symptomatology has generally been confirmatory, with three exceptions. The exceptions have been failures to confirm associations of conscientiousness with the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, agreeableness with dependent, and openness with schizotypal. Haigler and Widiger demonstrated empirically years ago that this was occurring because the predominant FFM measure at that time, the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised, does not include a sufficient representation of maladaptive variants of the respective FFM personality trait domains.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition alternative model of personality disorder.

The fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) includes within a section for emerging measures and models an alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD). This article provides a brief overview of its development, noting, in particular, issues and controversies. The article concludes with a discussion of and recommendations for further research in regard to 8 issues: (a) whether the DSM-5 AMPD offers any incremental validity over DSM-IV with respect to the validity or clinical utility; (b) development of the treatment implications for the AMPD components; (c) whether the DSM-5 AMPD level of personality functioning (LPF) is a unitary construct; (d) whether the LPF does in fact identify the core of personality disorder, (e) whether the LPF is even necessary; (f) whether the AMPD trait model is sufficiently comprehensive in its coverage; (g) the synchronization of International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision, and DSM-5 Section III; and (h) whether the future classification of personality disorder should continue to include any of the DSM-IV syndromes.

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) in psychiatric practice and research.

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) has emerged out of the quantitative approach to psychiatric nosology. This approach identifies psychopathology constructs based on patterns of co-variation among signs and symptoms. The initial HiTOP model, which was published in 2017, is based on a large literature that spans decades of research.

Answering questions about the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): Analogies to whales and sharks miss the boat.

This commentary discusses questions and misconceptions about HiTOP raised by Haeffel et al. (2021). We explain what the system classifies and why it is descriptive and atheoretical, highlighting benefits and limitations of this approach.

Parental Problem Drinking and Maladaptive Personality Features in Children: The Role of Marital Conflict.

The personality characteristics of children of exposed to parental problem drinking have been of interest to clinicians and researchers for several decades, but personality research on this population often focuses on identifying a unique cluster of adult personality traits. The current study adopts a cutting-edge dimensional approach to understanding personality pathology as extreme variants of the five factor model, and examines pathways of risk to personality pathology through marital conflict and emotional insecurity. Participants were 199 two-parent families with a child between the ages of 6 and 12 years.

Core traits of psychopathy.

There remains considerable debate as to what are the core traits of psychopathy. One approach to addressing this question is to identify the traits that are present in persons said to be actual or even prototypic examples of psychopathy. Ted Bundy, Clyde Barrow, Bernie Madoff, James Bond, Chuck Yeager, and Sherlock Holmes have all been described as being a psychopath.

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Shortcomings of approaches to classifying psychopathology based on expert consensus have given rise to contemporary efforts to classify psychopathology quantitatively. In this paper, we review progress in achieving a quantitative and empirical classification of psychopathology. A substantial empirical literature indicates that psychopathology is generally more dimensional than categorical.

The General Factors of Personality Disorder, Psychopathology, and Personality.

There is considerable interest in the study of the general factors of personality disorder (g-PD), psychopathology (p factor), and personality (GFP). One prominent interpretation of the g-PD is that it is defined by the self-interpersonal impairments of Criterion A of the Section III. However, no study has directly tested this hypothesis as no prior g-PD study has included a measure of Criterion A.

Developing Preliminary Scales for Assessing the HiTOP Detachment Spectrum.

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical-based classification of psychopathology. Detachment is one of the six spectra in the current HiTOP working model. The aim of this study was to develop preliminary scales for the HiTOP Detachment spectrum that can be used in the next phase of developing a comprehensive measure of HiTOP.

Development of Measures for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A Collaborative Scale Development Project.

In this article, we describe the collaborative process that is underway to develop measures for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The HiTOP model has generated much interest in the psychiatric literature in recent years, but research applications and clinical translation of the model require measures that are specifically keyed to the model. To that end, the Measures Development Workgroup of HiTOP has been engaged in a collaborative effort to develop both questionnaire and interview methods that (a) are specifically tied to the elements of the HiTOP structure, and (b) provide one means of testing that structure.

Five-Factor Model Personality Disorder Traits, Health Behaviors, Health Perceptions, and Insomnia Symptoms in Older Adults.

Personality traits predict physical health outcomes, including health behaviors, disease, and mortality. Maladaptive traits of personality disorders may predict even more variance in physical health indicators. Dimensional models of maladaptive personality traits are replacing categorical models of personality disorder, and the Five-Factor Model of personality disorder (FFMPD) is a useful dimensional model of maladaptive traits.

The self- and informant-personality inventories for ICD-11: Agreement, structure, and relations with health, social, and satisfaction variables in older adults.

The International Classification of Diseases-11th Edition (ICD-11) includes a dimensional trait model of personality disorder. The Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) was the first self-report measure developed for its assessment. The present study examines the validity of an informant-report version of the PiCD, the Informant-Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (the IPiC), and is the first study to test self-other agreement, ratings from close others, and the criterion validity of both the IPiC and the PiCD for several popular and well-validated measures of life functioning: Life and romantic relationship satisfaction, social support, physical and mental health, depressive symptoms, insomnia symptoms, and cognitive decline.

Predicting fluctuation in narcissistic states: An examination of the g-FLUX scale.

Studying dynamic patterns among grandiose and vulnerable narcissistic states has become an important area of inquiry. The g-FLUX (Oltmanns & Widiger, 2018) scale is a 9-item self-report measure designed to capture narcissistic dynamics in the absence of intensive longitudinal designs (e.g.

Discriminant validity of the alternative model of personality disorder.

The Section III alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) was developed to rectify some of the failings of the personality disorders, including a lack of compelling discriminant validity. The primary purpose of the current study was to provide a direct comparison of with Section III AMPD with respect to discriminant validity in a sample of 302 community members from the United States who were currently receiving or had received mental health treatment. The AMPD Criterion A, level of personality functioning, was assessed by the Section III Criterion A impairment scales (Anderson & Sellbom, 2018).

The distinction between symptoms and traits in the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP).

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirically and quantitatively derived dimensional classification system designed to describe the features of psychopathology and, ultimately, to replace categorical nosologies. Among the constructs that HiTOP organizes are "symptom components" and "maladaptive traits," but past HiTOP publications have not fully explicated the distinction between symptoms and traits. We propose working definitions of symptoms and traits and explore challenges, exceptions, and remaining questions.