Cellular iron governs the host response to malaria.

Malaria and iron deficiency are major global health problems with extensive epidemiological overlap. Iron deficiency-induced anaemia can protect the host from malaria by limiting parasite growth. On the other hand, iron deficiency can significantly disrupt immune cell function.

Ancient genomic linkage couples metabolism with erythroid development.

Generation of mature cells from progenitors requires tight coupling of differentiation and metabolism. During erythropoiesis, erythroblasts are required to massively upregulate globin synthesis then clear extraneous material and enucleate to produce erythrocytes. has remained in synteny with the α-globin genes for >500 million years, and harbours the majority of the α-globin enhancers.

Adipocyte autophagy limits gut inflammation by controlling oxylipin and IL-10.

Lipids play a major role in inflammatory diseases by altering inflammatory cell functions, either through their function as energy substrates or as lipid mediators such as oxylipins. Autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway that limits inflammation, is known to impact on lipid availability, however, whether this controls inflammation remains unexplored. We found that upon intestinal inflammation visceral adipocytes upregulate autophagy and that adipocyte-specific loss of the autophagy gene Atg7 exacerbates inflammation.

Plasma iron controls neutrophil production and function.

Low plasma iron (hypoferremia) induced by hepcidin is a conserved inflammatory response that protects against infections but inhibits erythropoiesis. How hypoferremia influences leukocytogenesis is unclear. Using proteomic data, we predicted that neutrophil production would be profoundly more iron-demanding than generation of other white blood cell types.

Visualization of T Cell Migration in the Spleen Reveals a Network of Perivascular Pathways that Guide Entry into T Zones.

Lymphocyte homeostasis and immune surveillance require that T and B cells continuously recirculate between secondary lymphoid organs. Here, we used intravital microscopy to define lymphocyte trafficking routes within the spleen, an environment of open blood circulation and shear forces unlike other lymphoid organs. Upon release from arterioles into the red pulp sinuses, T cells latched onto perivascular stromal cells in a manner that was independent of the chemokine receptor CCR7 but sensitive to Gi protein-coupled receptor inhibitors.

Nrf2 controls iron homeostasis in haemochromatosis and thalassaemia via Bmp6 and hepcidin.

Iron is critical for life but toxic in excess because of iron-catalysed formation of pro-oxidants that cause tissue damage in a range of disorders. The Nrf2 transcription factor orchestrates cell-intrinsic protective antioxidant responses, and the peptide hormone hepcidin maintains systemic iron homeostasis, but is pathophysiologically decreased in haemochromatosis and beta-thalassaemia. Here, we show that Nrf2 is activated by iron-induced, mitochondria-derived pro-oxidants and drives Bmp6 expression in liver sinusoid endothelial cells, which in turn increases hepcidin synthesis by neighbouring hepatocytes.

Human Herpesvirus 6B Induces Hypomethylation on Chromosome 17p13.3, Correlating with Increased Gene Expression and Virus Integration.

Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) is a neurotropic betaherpesvirus that achieves latency by integrating its genome into host cell chromosomes. Several viruses can induce epigenetic modifications in their host cells, but no study has investigated the epigenetic modifications induced by HHV-6B. This study analyzed methylation with an Illumina 450K array, comparing HHV-6B-infected and uninfected Molt-3 T cells 3 days postinfection.

Pharmacy preceptors' views on the value and optimal frequency of quality assurance visits to advanced pharmacy practice experience sites.

Objective: To determine volunteer preceptors' perceived value and desired frequency of quality assurance visits by experiential education faculty members.

Methods: An electronic survey instrument was sent to 235 volunteer preceptors.

Results: A 71.

Event-related potentials to match and mismatch letters in an immediate item recognition task.

During an immediate item recognition task, ERP differences to match and mismatch letters occurred in the N1 component, as well as the P3 component, of the stimulus related wave form. The pattern of ERP differences was similar to that reported previously for words in a delayed list recognition task, (Warren, 1980). The ERP differences to match and mismatch letters appeared unaffected by visual field of presentation (left, center, right) or hemisphere of recording site (P3, P4).