Outcomes of patients with resected stage III/IV acral or mucosal melanoma, treated with adjuvant anti-PD-1 based therapy.

Importance: Acral (AM) and mucosal melanomas (MM) are rare subtypes with a poor prognosis. In those with advanced disease, anti-PD-1 (PD1) therapy has reduced activity compared to that seen in non-acral cutaneous melanoma.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of adjuvant PD1 in resected AM or MM.

Multilingual RECIST classification of radiology reports using supervised learning.

Objectives: The objective of this study is the exploration of Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing techniques to support the automatic assignment of the four Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) scales based on radiology reports. We also aim at evaluating how languages and institutional specificities of Swiss teaching hospitals are likely to affect the quality of the classification in French and German languages.

Methods: In our approach, 7 machine learning methods were evaluated to establish a strong baseline.

Modeling tumor size dynamics based on real-world electronic health records and image data in advanced melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy.

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer therapy but only a fraction of patients benefits from this therapy. Model-informed drug development can be used to assess prognostic and predictive clinical factors or biomarkers associated with treatment response. Most pharmacometric models have thus far been developed using data from randomized clinical trials, and further studies are needed to translate their findings into the real-world setting.

Semiautomated Pipeline to Quantify Tumor Evolution From Real-World Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging.

Purpose: A semiautomated pipeline for the collection and curation of free-text and imaging real-world data (RWD) was developed to quantify cancer treatment outcomes in large-scale retrospective real-world studies. The objectives of this article are to illustrate the challenges of RWD extraction, to demonstrate approaches for quality assurance, and to showcase the potential of RWD for precision oncology.

Methods: We collected data from patients with advanced melanoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors at the Lausanne University Hospital.

Interactive process mining of cancer treatment sequences with melanoma real-world data.

The growing availability of clinical real-world data (RWD) represents a formidable opportunity to complement evidence from randomized clinical trials and observe how oncological treatments perform in real-life conditions. In particular, RWD can provide insights on questions for which no clinical trials exist, such as comparing outcomes from different sequences of treatments. To this end, process mining is a particularly suitable methodology for analyzing different treatment paths and their associated outcomes.

A differential process mining analysis of COVID-19 management for cancer patients.

During the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals faced a challenge to manage patients, especially those with other comorbidities and medical needs, such as cancer patients. Here, we use Process Mining to analyze real-world therapeutic pathways in a cohort of 1182 cancer patients of the Lausanne University Hospital following COVID-19 infection. The algorithm builds trees representing sequences of coarse-grained events such as Home, Hospitalization, Intensive Care and Death.

Systematic comparison with autoimmune liver disease identifies specific histological features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become a mainstay of cancer treatment. Their immune-boosting quality has one major drawback, their proclivity to induce a broad array of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affecting, among others, the liver and sharing some similarities with classic autoimmune liver diseases (AILD).We aimed to compare clinical, laboratory and histological features of patients with liver-related irAEs and AILD.

Efficacy of anti-PD-1 and ipilimumab alone or in combination in acral melanoma.

Background: Acral melanoma is a rare melanoma subtype with poor prognosis. Importantly, these patients were not identified as a specific subgroup in the landmark melanoma trials involving ipilimumab and the anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) agents nivolumab and pembrolizumab. There is therefore an absence of prospective clinical trial evidence regarding the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in this population.

Myeloid antigen-presenting cell niches sustain antitumor T cells and license PD-1 blockade via CD28 costimulation.

The mechanisms regulating exhaustion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and responsiveness to PD-1 blockade remain partly unknown. In human ovarian cancer, we show that tumor-specific CD8 TIL accumulate in tumor islets, where they engage antigen and upregulate PD-1, which restrains their functions. Intraepithelial PD-1CD8 TIL can be, however, polyfunctional.

Turning tumors from cold to inflamed to improve immunotherapy response.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment landscape for a number of cancers over the last few decades. Nevertheless, a majority of patients still do not benefit from these treatments. Such patient-specific lack of response can be predicted, in part, from the immune phenotypes present in the tumor microenvironment.

Resident Kupffer cells and neutrophils drive liver toxicity in cancer immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer treatment but is often restricted by toxicities. What distinguishes adverse events from concomitant antitumor reactions is poorly understood. Here, using anti-CD40 treatment in mice as a model of T1-promoting immunotherapy, we showed that liver macrophages promoted local immune-related adverse events.

Late-onset and long-lasting immune-related adverse events from immune checkpoint-inhibitors: An overlooked aspect in immunotherapy.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer therapy but frequently cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Description of late-onset and duration of irAEs in the literature is often incomplete.

Methods: To investigate reporting and incidence of late-onset and long-lasting irAEs, we reviewed all registration trials leading to ICI's approval by the US FDA and/or EMA up to December 2019.

Trametinib Induces the Stabilization of a Dual p.Gly48Leu- and p.Cys172Gly-Mutated Uveal Melanoma. The Role of Molecular Modelling in Personalized Oncology.

We report a case of an uveal melanoma patient with p.Gly48Leu who responded to MEK inhibition. At the time of the molecular analysis, the pathogenicity of the mutation was unknown.

The combination of stereotactic radiosurgery with immune checkpoint inhibition or targeted therapy in melanoma patients with brain metastases: a retrospective study.

Background: Evidence pointing to a synergistic effect of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with concurrent immunotherapy or targeted therapy in patients with melanoma brain metastases (BM) is increasing. We aimed to analyze the effect on overall survival (OS) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or BRAF/MEK inhibitors initiated during the 9 weeks before or after SRS. We also evaluated the prognostic value of patients' and disease characteristics as predictors of OS in patients treated with SRS.

Death in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Analysis of Mortality in a Swiss University Hospital.

Acute treatment in emergency medicine revolves around the management and stabilization of sick patients, followed by a transfer to the relevant medical specialist, be it outpatient or inpatient. However, when patients are too sick to be stabilized, i.e.