Prevention and Reduction of Anxiety in Autistic Preschoolers Through an Autism-Specific Parent-Mediated Intervention: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial Evaluating Short and Longer Term Outcomes.

Anxiety is a common co-occurring condition for autistic preschoolers. Whilst there has been extensive research evaluating anxiety prevention/reduction interventions for neurotypical preschoolers, such research is limited for autistic children. Fifty-seven parents of autistic 4-5-year olds, with varying levels of anxiety, participated in a randomised controlled trial of an autism-specific, parent-mediated intervention (CLK-CUES) to prevent or reduce anxiety in autistic preschoolers.

Developing a hippocampal neural prosthetic to facilitate human memory encoding and recall of stimulus features and categories.

Objective: Here, we demonstrate the first successful use of static neural stimulation patterns for specific information content. These static patterns were derived by a model that was applied to a subject's own hippocampal spatiotemporal neural codes for memory.

Approach: We constructed a new model of processes by which the hippocampus encodes specific memory items via spatiotemporal firing of neural ensembles that underlie the successful encoding of targeted content into short-term memory.

No Delayed Ruptures on Long-Term Follow-Up of a Case Series of Persistently Filling Saccular Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms After Flow Diversion With the Pipeline Embolization Device.

Background And Objectives: Flow diversion of intracranial aneurysms results in high occlusion rates. However, 10% to 20% remain persistently filling at 1 year. Often, these are retreated, but benefits of retreatment are not well established.

Prompting visual attention to print versus pictures during shared book reading with digital storybooks for preschoolers with ASD compared to TD peers.

Prompting children to look at print and picture content during shared book reading (SBR) facilitates joint attention and early language and literacy learning opportunities for typically developing (TD) children. Whether preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) respond similarly to bids for joint attention during SBR and how autism characteristics impact upon their responsiveness is currently unclear. This is important given these children are at risk of persistent language and literacy challenges.

On the Determination of Kappa Distribution Functions from Space Plasma Observations.

The velocities of space plasma particles, often follow kappa distribution functions. The kappa index, which labels and governs these distributions, is an important parameter in understanding the plasma dynamics. Space science missions often carry plasma instruments on board which observe the plasma particles and construct their velocity distribution functions.

Determining the Bulk Parameters of Plasma Electrons from Pitch-Angle Distribution Measurements.

Electrostatic analysers measure the flux of plasma particles in velocity space and determine their velocity distribution function. There are occasions when science objectives require high time-resolution measurements, and the instrument operates in short measurement cycles, sampling only a portion of the velocity distribution function. One such high-resolution measurement strategy consists of sampling the two-dimensional pitch-angle distributions of the plasma particles, which describes the velocities of the particles with respect to the local magnetic field direction.

Author Correction: Multicellular 3D Neurovascular Unit Model for Assessing Hypoxia and Neuroinflammation Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Community economic factors influence outcomes for patients with primary malignant glioma.

Background: Community economics and other social health determinants influence outcomes in oncologic patient populations. We sought to explore their impact on presentation, treatment, and survival in glioma patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with glioma (World Health Organization grades III-IV) diagnosed between 1999 and 2017 was assembled with data abstracted from medical record review.

Hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neural recording in the human brain: validation of depth electrode placement through high-resolution imaging and electrophysiology.

Objective: Intracranial human brain recordings typically utilize recording systems that do not distinguish individual neuron action potentials. In such cases, individual neurons are not identified by location within functional circuits. In this paper, verified localization of singly recorded hippocampal neurons within the CA3 and CA1 cell fields is demonstrated.

Multicellular 3D Neurovascular Unit Model for Assessing Hypoxia and Neuroinflammation Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic component of the brain-vascular interface that maintains brain homeostasis and regulates solute permeability into brain tissue. The expression of tight junction proteins between adjacent endothelial cells and the presence of efflux proteins prevents entry of foreign substances into the brain parenchyma. BBB dysfunction, however, is evident in many neurological disorders including ischemic stroke, trauma, and chronic neurodegenerative diseases.

Drug compound screening in single and integrated multi-organoid body-on-a-chip systems.

Current practices in drug development have led to therapeutic compounds being approved for widespread use in humans, only to be later withdrawn due to unanticipated toxicity. These occurrences are largely the result of erroneous data generated by in vivo and in vitro preclinical models that do not accurately recapitulate human physiology. Herein, a human primary cell- and stem cell-derived 3D organoid technology is employed to screen a panel of drugs that were recalled from market by the FDA.

Shared Book Reading Behaviors of Parents and Their Verbal Preschoolers on the Autism Spectrum.

Preschoolers on the autism spectrum are at risk of persistent language and literacy difficulties thus research into shared book reading (SBR) in this group is important. We observed 47 parents and their verbal preschoolers on the spectrum sharing two unfamiliar picture books and coded the interactions for parent and child behaviors. Parents were able to engage their child in SBR and demonstrated a range of print- and meaning-related SBR behaviors with no evidence of a focus on print.

Looking or talking: Visual attention and verbal engagement during shared book reading of preschool children on the autism spectrum.

Children who have an autism diagnosis often have trouble learning to talk and read. These difficulties become noticeable before children start school and may be linked to lower attention and engagement in literacy-related activities such as sharing storybooks with their parents. To date, few researchers have looked at possible ways to measure how children on the autism spectrum engage during shared storybook reading, for example, where children look or how much they talk, and how this may be related to their letter-name knowledge and their vocabulary knowledge.

Far Lateral Craniotomy for Resection of Foramen Magnum Meningioma.

 Foramen magnum meningiomas present a formidable challenge to resection due to frequent involvement of the lower cranial nerves and vertebrobasilar circulation. The video shows the use of a far lateral craniotomy to resect a foramen magnum meningioma.  A 49-year-old woman presented with neck pain and was found to have a large foramen magnum meningioma ( Fig.

Left Far Lateral Craniotomy for Clipping of a Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm.

 The complex anatomical relationships of neurovascular structures at the craniovertebral junction make the clipping of a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm surgically challenging. We demonstrate the clipping of a PICA aneurysm in the video.  A 65-year-old woman presented with a nonsymptomatic unruptured left PICA aneurysm; follow-up angiography showed an increase in its size.

Two cases of brainstem neurocysticercosis removal: operative video.

Neurocysticercosis is primarily managed with anthelminthic, antiepileptic, and corticosteroid therapies. Surgical removal of the larval cyst is indicated when associated mass effect causes neurological symptoms, as demonstrated in two cases. Cyst resection was achieved via the far lateral approach for a cervicomedullary cyst in one patient and via the subtemporal approach for a mesencephalic cyst in another.

Surgical treatment of falcotentorial meningiomas: a retrospective review of a single-institution experience.

Objective: Meningiomas at the falcotentorial junction represent a rare subgroup of complex meningiomas. Debate remains regarding the appropriate treatment strategy for and optimal surgical approach to these tumors, and surgical outcomes have not been well described in the literature. The authors reviewed their single-institution experience in the management, approach selection, and outcomes for patients with falcotentorial meningiomas.

Insular cavernous malformation resection through a minipterional, transsylvian approach.

Cavernous malformations of the brain are low-flow vascular lesions that have a propensity to hemorrhage. Extensive surgical approaches are often required for operative cure of deep-seated lesions. A 23-year-old female presented with a cavernous malformation of the left posterior insula with surrounding hematoma measuring up to 3 cm.

Mini-pterional approach for clip ligation of ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistula.

Ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) have a near-universal association with cortical venous drainage and a malignant clinical course. Endovascular treatment options are often limited due to the high frequency of ophthalmic artery ethmoidal supply. A 64-year-old gentleman presented with syncope and was found to have a right ethmoidal DAVF.

Restoration of a partially edentulous patient with combination partial dentures.

Flexible partial removable dental prostheses (PRDP) provide superior aesthetics, durability, improved patient comfort due to softer surface and low elastic modulus, and require less time and expense for fabrication. However, when a flexible PRDP is used to replace several missing teeth, especially when no occlusal rests or vertical stops are present, rotation and sinking of the denture base and resorption of the residual ridge tend to occur. This may result in the concentration of excessive force in the resin clasp, along with clasp deformation or fracture, and compression of the marginal gingiva.

Corpus callosotomy via laser interstitial thermal therapy: a case series.

Corpus callosotomy has been used as a form of surgical palliation for patients suffering from medically refractory generalized seizures, including drop attacks. Callosotomy has traditionally been described as involving a craniotomy with microdissection. MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRg-LITT) has recently been used as a minimally invasive method for performing surgical ablation of epileptogenic foci and corpus callosotomy.

Equivalent outcomes with once versus thrice weekly dressing changes in midline laparotomy wounds treated with negative pressure wound therapy.

Background: While negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used for decades, there is a paucity of data regarding the appropriate length of time between dressing changes.

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized control trial examining time to wound closure in open midline laparotomy wounds treated with NPWT. The control group received the standard thrice weekly sponge changes (thrice) and the treatment group received once weekly sponge changes (once).

A Prosthesis Retention System for Full-Arch, Fixed, Implant-Supported Prosthesis.

Full-arch, fixed, implant-supported prostheses can be designed to be cement- or screw-retained. Both retention mechanisms have a few inherent disadvantages. A fixed attachment system has been introduced to circumvent the disadvantages of both screw and cement retention.