Neuropathological Findings in Nonclinical Species Following Administration of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV)-Based Gene Therapy Vectors.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy vectors are an accepted platform for treating severe neurological diseases. Test article (TA)-related and procedure-related neuropathological effects following administration of AAV-based vectors are observed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). Leukocyte accumulation (mononuclear cell infiltration > inflammation) may occur in brain, spinal cord, spinal nerve roots (SNRs), sensory and autonomic ganglia, and rarely nerves.

Aging increases lightness of grass-fed beef.

Grass-fed beef is becoming increasingly popular and is expected to be a $14 billion industry by 2024. Even so, grass-fed beef is typically darker in appearance than that of conventional grain-fed beef. Aging has been shown to improve lean color (*, *) of dark-cutting beef however little work has focused on aging as it relates to improving the lean color of grass-fed beef.

In vitro proteolysis mirrors intact muscle maturation in beef carcasses.

An in vitro assay was developed to study protease activity during the maturation of beef postmortem. Myofibrils were purified from the semitendinosus and used as a sentinel for assessing the activity of endogenous proteases in longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) and the extensor carpi radialis (ER) over time postmortem in beef carcasses. Samples were collected from each muscle at 0, 1, 2, 7, and 14 d of aging and snap frozen.

Mitochondrial Abundance and Function Differ Across Muscle Within Species.

: Mitochondria are considered the powerhouse of cells, and skeletal muscle cells are no exception. However, information regarding muscle mitochondria from different species is limited. : Different muscles from cattle, pigs and chickens were analyzed for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), protein and oxygen consumption.

Relationship of hub and treatment characteristics with client outcomes in the initial Washington State hub and spoke cohort.

Introduction: Washington State's Hub and Spoke (HS) approach aims to improve availability of opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment. Washington initially funded six hubs with expertise in medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) that built care networks with referral and treatment partners (spokes). We assessed outcomes for the initial HS cohort, considering the role of HS and treatment characteristics.

Radiologic findings of occult nodal metastasis during clinically-N0 salvage total laryngectomy.

Introduction: Occult nodal disease (OND) during clinically-N0 salvage total laryngectomy (TL) can be detected with the Neck-Imaging-Reporting-and-Data-Systems (NI-RADS). However, some patients will still have OND revealed on final pathology.

Methods: A retrospective study on all patients who had OND during salvage TL with elective neck dissection (END) between 2009 and 2021 was performed.

B1-B2 transition in shock-compressed MgO.

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a major component of the Earth's mantle and is expected to play a similar role in the mantles of large rocky exoplanets. At extreme pressures, MgO transitions from the NaCl 1 crystal structure to a CsCl 2 structure, which may have implications for exoplanetary deep mantle dynamics. In this study, we constrain the phase diagram of MgO with laser-compression along the shock Hugoniot, with simultaneous measurements of crystal structure, density, pressure, and temperature.

Determining muscle plasticity and meat quality development of low-input extended fed market-ready steers.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic, which ultimately led to many meat processors temporarily shutting down or reducing processing capacity. This backlog in processing capacity forced many feedlots to retain cattle for longer periods of time and assume the risk of major market fluctuations. The aim of this study was to understand how a dietary insult affects meat quality and muscle metabolism in market-ready steers (590 kg).

Bimetallic Metal Sites in Metal-Organic Frameworks Facilitate the Production of 1-Butene from Electrosynthesized Ethylene.

Converting CO to synthetic hydrocarbon fuels is of increasing interest. In light of progress in electrified CO to ethylene, we explored routes to dimerize to 1-butene, an olefin that can serve as a building block to ethylene longer-chain alkanes. With goal of selective and active dimerization, we investigate a series of metal-organic frameworks having bimetallic catalytic sites.

Ligand-modified nanoparticle surfaces influence CO electroreduction selectivity.

Improving the kinetics and selectivity of CO/CO electroreduction to valuable multi-carbon products is a challenge for science and is a requirement for practical relevance. Here we develop a thiol-modified surface ligand strategy that promotes electrochemical CO-to-acetate. We explore a picture wherein nucleophilic interaction between the lone pairs of sulfur and the empty orbitals of reaction intermediates contributes to making the acetate pathway more energetically accessible.

Muscle of dark and normal beef differs metabolically.

Reduction in muscle glycogen triggered by adverse antemortem handling events alters postmortem energy metabolism and results in a high ultimate pH and dark, firm and dry beef, often referred to as 'dark-cutting'. However, the relationship between atypical dark (AT) beef, postmortem energy metabolism and underlying tissue characteristics remains somewhat unclear. Cattle harvested in the US and Canada representing normal (pH < 5.

Postmortem Metabolism and Pork Quality Development Are Affected by Electrical Stimulation across Three Genetic Lines.

Variations in postmortem metabolism in muscle impact pork quality development. Curiously, some genetic lines are more refractile to adverse pork quality development than others and may regulate energy metabolism differently. The aim of this study was to challenge pork carcasses from different genetic populations with electrical stimulation (ES) to determine how postmortem metabolism varies with genetic line and explore control points that reside in glycolysis in dying muscle.

Comparable and Complimentary Modalities for Treatment of Small-Sized HCC: Surgical Resection, Radiofrequency Ablation, and Microwave Ablation.

Background: Over the past decade, there has been continual improvement in both ablative and surgical technologies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The efficacy of ablative therapy compared to surgical resection for HCC has not been thoroughly evaluated using multiple large-scale randomized controlled trials. By international consensus, if a patient is eligible, surgery is the primary curative treatment option, as it is believed to confer superior oncologic control.

The impact of dementia on rehabilitation outcomes following hip fracture.

Objective: To compare clinical outcomes between patients for whom their participation in inpatient rehabilitation was and was not impacted by dementia through matching patients reporting dementia (dementia group) with those not reporting dementia (non-dementia group).

Methods: Prospectively collected data held by the Australasian Rehabilitation Outcome Centre (AROC) were analyzed for patients aged 65 years or older receiving inpatient rehabilitation in public hospitals in Australia following a hip fracture and discharged between July 1, 2014, and June 30, 2019. Patients reported as having dementia impacting their rehabilitation program were matched to patients not reporting dementia based on age, admission motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score, and accommodation prior to rehabilitation.

Time of dehairing alters pork quality development.

Studies investigating the effect of scald time on pork quality are confounded with time of dehairing. To understand better pork quality development and two-toning in hams, twenty-four carcasses were assigned to an 8- or 16-min dwell time prior to the dehairing, with or without scalding (n = 6 per trt). Semimembranosus (SM) muscles were collected following dehairing and at 24 h postmortem.

Longitudinal Relations Between Emotion Regulation and Internalizing Symptoms in Emerging Adults During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Background: Maladaptive and adaptive emotion regulation are putative risk and protective factors for depression and anxiety, but most prior research does not differentiate within-person effects from between-person individual differences. The current study does so during the early part of the Covid-19 pandemic when internalizing symptoms were high.

Methods: A sample of emerging adult undergraduate students ( = 154) completed online questionnaires bi-weekly on depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation across eight weeks during the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic (April 2nd to June 27th, 2020).

Constrained C adsorbate orientation enables CO-to-acetate electroreduction.

The carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide electroreduction reactions, when powered using low-carbon electricity, offer pathways to the decarbonization of chemical manufacture. Copper (Cu) is relied on today for carbon-carbon coupling, in which it produces mixtures of more than ten C chemicals: a long-standing challenge lies in achieving selectivity to a single principal C product. Acetate is one such C compound on the path to the large but fossil-derived acetic acid market.

Free Flap Fat Volume is Not Associated With Recurrence or Wound Complications in Oral Cancer.

Objective: Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have been shown in many preclinical studies to be potent suppressors of the immune system. Prior studies suggest that ASCs may promote cancer progression and wound healing. However, clinical studies investigating the effects of native, or fat-grafted adipose tissue on cancer recurrence have generated mixed results.

Large-gap peripheral nerve repair using xenogeneic transplants in rhesus macaques.

Surgical intervention is required to successfully treat severe, large-gap (≥4 cm) peripheral nerve injuries. However, all existing treatments have shortcomings and an alternative to the use of autologous nerves is needed. Human and porcine nerves are physiologically similar, with comparable dimensions and architecture, presence and distribution of Schwann cells, and conserved features of the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Coordination Polymer Electrocatalysts Enable Efficient CO-to-Acetate Conversion.

Upgrading carbon dioxide/monoxide to multi-carbon C products using renewable electricity offers one route to more sustainable fuel and chemical production. One of the most appealing products is acetate, the profitable electrosynthesis of which demands a catalyst with higher efficiency. Here, a coordination polymer (CP) catalyst is reported that consists of Cu(I) and benzimidazole units linked via Cu(I)-imidazole coordination bonds, which enables selective reduction of CO to acetate with a 61% Faradaic efficiency at -0.

Comparison of patterns of drug levels in head and body hair for medico-legal and workplace testing.

This paper presents concentration ranges and positivity rates for the common drugs, alcohol markers, new psychoactive substances (NPS) and anabolic steroids tested in head hair (n = 138,352) and body hair (n = 9532) on samples of hair from medico-legal (n = 112,033) and workplace (n = 35,851) sectors tested in our laboratory. Statistically significant higher levels were found more often in the various types of body hair when compared with head hair, but fewer cases exhibited lower levels. For example, statistically significant higher levels were detected in leg hair for cannabinol, THC, methadone and EtG and in beard hair for THC, THC-COOH and 6-acetylmorphine.

High pressure phase transition and strength estimate in polycrystalline alumina during laser-driven shock compression.

Alumina (AlO) is an important ceramic material notable for its compressive strength and hardness. It represents one of the major oxide components of the Earth's mantle. Static compression experiments have reported evidence for phase transformations from the trigonal-corundum phase to the orthorhombic RhO(II)-type structure at ∼90 GPa, and then to the post-perovskite structure at ∼130 GPa, but these phases have yet to be directly observed under shock compression.