Military personnel are trained throughout their career for wartime, yet the expectation and the valence associated with being in combat differs quite extensively. Despite factors that could influence military personnel's perception of being exposed to combat, happenstance in combat theaters frequently results in experiencing combat even for those who would not necessarily expect to. Although the importance of expectations within the context of trauma has been evidenced in multiple contexts, combat expectancy has never been examined as having an influence in the trauma-posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relationship.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Scalable evidence-based treatments for anxiety and depression, such as blended care therapy (BCT) that integrate digital tools are effective, but reporting on long-term outcomes is limited.
Method: This pragmatic observational study examined the symptom stability and trajectories of individuals in the year following engagement in a BCT program. Participants included adults with clinical anxiety and/or depression measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
Blended care therapy (BCT), which augments live, video-based psychotherapy sessions with asynchronous digital tools, has the potential to increase access to evidence-based treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, its effectiveness in diverse, real-world settings is not well-understood. This evaluation aimed to assess clinical outcomes of a BCT program for PTSD symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExisting scales mainly focus on danger-based threats of death and bodily harm to assess exposure to traumatic events in war zone. However, major provocations and transgression of deeply held values and moral beliefs, as well as witnessing the suffering of others can be as traumatic as fear-inducing danger-based events. This raises the need for scales that assess both danger- and nondanger-based events among soldiers operating in modern war zones.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study sought to conduct a large-scale examination (N = 14,951) into the associations between therapeutic alliance and anxiety and depression symptom trajectories within a blended care therapy (BCT) program. Clients receiving blended care services completed weekly outcome measures for anxiety and depression and therapeutic alliance ratings every other therapy session. Using a retrospective, pragmatic study design, latent change score (LCS) analysis captured individual differences in initial therapeutic alliance scores and change in alliance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Blended care therapy models are intended to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of evidence-based psychotherapy by combining synchronous and asynchronous components of care.
Objective: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinical effects of synchronous video therapy sessions and asynchronous guided practice session elements on anxiety and depression in a blended care therapy program, with a novel focus on asynchronous provider feedback messages.
Methods: Participants were adults (N=33,492) with clinical symptoms of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale [GAD-7] score of ≥8) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale [PHQ-9] score of ≥10) at intake.
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted young people's drinking. Yet, despite social gatherings posing a known risk for increased contraction, some college students still congregated to drink. Furthermore, some students posted about these drinking events to their public and/or private social media feeds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCochrane Database Syst Rev
August 2024
Background: The estimated lifetime prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults worldwide has been estimated at 3.9%. PTSD appears to contribute to alterations in neuronal network connectivity patterns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present study examines the network structure and, using Bayesian network analysis, estimates the directional pathways among symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and levels of alcohol and cannabis use. A sample of 1471 adults in the United States, who reported at least one potentially traumatic event, completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Alcohol/Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT/CUDIT). A regularized partial correlation network provided estimates of symptoms clusters and connections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)'s impact on work loss remains poorly described. We evaluated associations between the duration of CINV episodes, CINV-related work loss (CINV-WL), and CINV-related activity impairment (CINV-AI) in patients with breast cancer receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective CINV prophylaxis trial of netupitant/palonestron and dexamethasone for patients receiving an anthracycline and cyclophosphamide (AC) for breast cancer (NCT0340371).
Traditional course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are common approaches to expose students to authentic laboratory practices. Traditional CUREs typically take up most of or an entire semester, require a laboratory section or may be a standalone lab course, and require significant financial and time commitments by the institution and instructors. As such, CUREs are harder to implement at institutions with fewer resources.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe onset of the pandemic saw shifts in messaging around the acceptability of alcohol consumption at different times and contexts. A psychometric analysis of responses to injunctive norms may reveal important differences in specific aspects of norms that were influenced by the pandemic. Study 1 used alignment analysis to evaluate measurement invariance in low- and high-risk injunctive norms across samples of Midwestern college students from 2019 to 2021.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Drinking is a public health concern among college students. Viewing and posting alcohol-related content (ARC) on social media may influence students' favorable prototypes of people who post, thereby impacting their drinking. This study created a measure to explore students' ARC poster prototypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Anxiety disorders are common and can be debilitating. In addition, various barriers exist that can hinder access to adequate care. Coaching that is grounded in evidence-based interventions and delivered via synchronous (ie, live) text-based messaging could potentially increase the reach of mental health services among populations who select this modality instead of other services (eg, face-to-face coaching and psychotherapy).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (DMQ-R-SF) is widely used among alcohol researchers studying adolescents and young adults. The psychometric properties of the DMQ-R-SF have been examined among university students in many countries, but to our knowledge, not in Australia, New Zealand or Argentina. We sought to examine the reliability and endorsement of the items on the DMQ-R-SF, and test the associations between the DMQ-R-SF subscales and alcohol use, and negative alcohol consequences between university students from Australia, New Zealand and Argentina.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFForced migrants suffer from significant psychological distress. However, they often prioritize urgent practical resettlement needs over mental health needs. The present study used a quasi-experimental design to compare pathways of treatment for survivors of torture (N = 369) from 42 different counties receiving care from a refugee health clinic.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe recent integration of traditional time series analysis and confirmatory factor analysis techniques allows researchers to evaluate the psychometric properties of measurement instruments at between- and within-persons levels while accounting for autoregressive dependencies. The current study applies a dynamic structural equation modeling (SEM) latent factor analysis (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Racial Ethn Health Disparities
December 2023
Background: Studies have reported positive outcomes of blended care therapy (BCT), which combines face-to-face care with internet modules. However, there is insufficient evidence of its effectiveness across racial and ethnic groups. This study evaluated outcomes of a BCT program, which combined video psychotherapy with internet cognitive-behavioral modules, across race and ethnicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study examines predictors of non-initiation of care and dropout in a blended care CBT intervention, with a focus on early digital engagement and sociodemographic and clinical factors.
Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis included 3566 US-based individuals who presented with clinical levels of anxiety and depression and enrolled in a blended-care CBT (BC-CBT) program. The treatment program consisted of face-to-face therapy sessions via videoconference and provider-assigned digital activities that were personalized to the client's presentation.
Objective: MDMA/Ecstasy motives differ from those of other substances such as alcohol, cannabis, and methamphetamine. Previous literature on alcohol and cannabis use identified social, expansion, enhancement, coping, and conformism as primary motives for use. MDMA/Ecstasy users also report using the drug for increases in self-awareness and energy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Undergrad Neurosci Educ
December 2021
Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are increasingly common approaches to provide students with authentic laboratory experiences. Typically, CUREs are semester-long, in-person experiences that can be financially and time prohibitive for some institutions, faculty, and students. Here, we developed a short-duration, fully-online CURE, the Spine Lab, to provide an opportunity for students to conduct original research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Depression and anxiety are leading causes of disability worldwide. Though effective treatments exist, depression and anxiety remain undertreated. Blended care psychotherapy, combining the scalability of online interventions with the personalization and engagement of a live therapist, is a promising approach for increasing access to evidence-based care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF