The prevention of secondary haemorrhage after prostatectomy: the value of antifibrinolytic therapy.

This study examines the effect of antifibrinolytic therapy on the incidence of secondary haemorrhage following endoscopic surgery. One hundred consecutive patients were allocated randomly to treatment and control groups. The incidence of secondary haemorrhage was reduced from 56% in the control group to 24% in the treatment group.

Long term cultivation of a simian malaria parasite (Plasmodium knowlesi) in a semi-automated apparatus.

An apparatus is described and illustrated for the continuous semi-automated cultivation of Plasmodium knowlesi. The change of medium was automated and involved six operations. Parasites were maintained for 12 weeks, at which time the experiment ended.

Negative pressures in surgical drains.

Laboratory and clinical experiments were done to measure the pressure in tube drains. It was found that the fluid in drains connected to floor bags exerted a negative pressure equal to the height of the fluid column in the tube. There was no negative pressure when the drain opened into a urostomy bag at wound level.

Improved techniques in radionuclide imaging of prostatic lymph nodes.

Further improvements have been made in the technique of human prostatic lymphoscintigraphy, allowing better anatomical localisation of the areas of uptake of activity. A single median injection into the capsule of 99mTc labelled antimony sulphide colloid has been found to give as good imaging as 2 injections on either side of the midline. By placing markers on the umbilicus, pubic symphysis and both anterior superior iliac spines, a "pelvic grid" can be superimposed on the antero-posterior view.

Frusemide intravenous urography in the diagnosis of pelviureteric junction obstruction.

Standard intravenous urography is not a reliable method of demonstrating pelviureteric junction obstruction. Frusemide urography enables 3 groups to be defined on the basis of the percentage increase in the size of the renal pelvis after the diuretic. These groups are clinically significant.

Intravenous inosine for ischaemic renal surgery.

The use of the intravenously administered nucleotide inosine is described for the protection of function in the human kidney undergoing ischaemic renal surgery. The treatment of 7 patients is described. The simplicity of the technique is emphasised.

Human prostatic lymphoscintigraphy. A preliminary report.

A simple method for demonstrating prostatic lymphatic drainage by transrectal injection of 99mTc labelled antimony sulphide colloid into the prostatic capsule has been developed. This technique may be readily applied in clinical practice with obvious potential in the assessment and follow-up of patients with carcinoma of the prostate.

The modified lumbotomy versus the oblique loin incision for renal surgery.

The time to full mobility and total analgesic requirements have been assessed in 40 patients undergoing renal surgery by the oblique loin incision or the posterior lumbotomy approach. By these criteria the lumbotomy group fared better than patients who had oblique incisions. We consider lumbotomy to be a valuable incision which should be in the repertoire of every urologist.

An ultrastructural study on the effects of warm ischaemia on the inosine-protected kidney.

Unperfused, saline-perfused and inosine-perfused rat kidneys were subjected to various times of warm ischaemia with and without resumption of blood flow. Tissues were examined with a transmission electron microscope. Inosine has a protective effect on the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules, where microvilli are less damaged by ischaemia than those of the proximal convoluted tubular cells of the control animals.

Obstructive nephropathy: successful evaluation with radionuclides.

A non-invasive test of nephron function, the renal parenchymal transit time (P.T.T.

Bladder instability in women with recurrent cystitis.

Factors in the aetiology of bladder instability in women with recurrent cystitis are analysed. A multifactorial approach to patient management is advocated and supported by a treatment failure rate of only 3.6% with these patients over a mean follow-up of nearly 2 years.

The distinction between obstructive uropathy and nephropathy by radioisotope transit times.

Deconvolution analysis of different regions of interest on gamma camera renography enables obstructive lesions causing impairment of nephron function to be distinguished from obstructive lesions which parenchymal function is unimpaired. Quantitation of isotope transit time through the parenchyma is a reliable method of diagnosing upper urinary tract obstruction.

Inosine: clinical results of ischaemic renal surgery.

Ten patients requiring ischaemic renal surgery for calculus or tumour were operated on with the kidney protected by perfusion with a room temperature solution of inosine. The warm ischaemic times ranged from 35 to 75 min (mean 57.1 min).

Renal function after warm ischaemia. II. Marked protective effect of intravenous inosine given prior to 60, 90 and 120 min of warm ischaemia.

Rats were given 10 or 20 mg of inosine dissolved in 1 ml of 0.9% saline, or a control solution of 1 ml of 0.9% saline, intravenously 10 or 20 min before induction of left renal warm ischemia for 60 min.

The obstructed kidney: correlation between renal function and urodynamic assessment.

In 20 patients with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction the results of quantification of the change in renal pelvis size during high-dose intravenous urography with a diuretic, pressure/flow studies, standard renography and deconvolution analysis of the gamma camera renogram have been compared. The results of high-dose intravenous urography and pressure/flow studies correlated well. Renography was unreliable in diagnosing obstruction unless deconvolution analysis of the gamma camera renogram was used to differentiate those showing an obstructive uropathy from those with an obstructing nephropathy.

Long-term follow-up 100 cases of renal calculi.

Phosphatic calculi form in infected urine. Complete clearance is associated with sterile urine. This disease is distinct from metabolic stone disease and should be curable if all stones are removed and postoperative infection is prevented.

Renal function after warm ischaemia. I. Effect of initial perfusate and its temperature.

The left kidneys of anaesthetized, heparinized rats were subjected to a 60-min period of warm ischaemia in vivo and perfused in situ with either isotonic saline, human plasma protein fraction, Perfudex (Pharmacia), 20% mannitol or Sacks' solution at 37 degrees C. A second similar series were perfused at 4 degrees C. One further group had autologous arterial blood perfusion at body temperature.

Physicochemical-activity relationships in asymmetrical analogues of methoxychlor.

Compounds of the general formula 2-aryl-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane have been prepared and tested for toxicity toward houseflies, pretreated for 1 h with 2mug of piperonyl butoxide. The majority of the compounds synthesized were chosen with the aid of computer programs designed to ensurewell-spread sets of minimally correlated physicochemical parameter values. A nonlinear two-dimensional representation was used to map the active region of physiochemical parameter space and a regression equation was obtained relating the observed toxicity to a combination of these physicochemical parameters.

A computer-based technique for measurement of renal parenchymal area on intravenous urograms.

Accurate measurement of the renal parenchymal area of intravenous urograms is discribed using a graphic tablet with a pressure-sensitive surfact linked on-line to a computer. The area outlined on the tablet is immediately computed and shown in square centimetres on a television screen and on a data print-out. The renal areas of 22 patients' urograms were studied before the three months after renal stone removal under local hypothermia.

Enhanced preservation of the ischaemic kidney with inosine.

The function of rat kidneys subjected to 60 minutes of warm ischaemia at body-temperature was notably protected by the prior administration of the purine nucleoside inosine as a 40 mg/ml solution maintained at 37 degrees C. With direct intrarenal arterial perfusion of the kidney at the onset of ischaemia or with intraperitoneal (i.p.