Rural Caregivers for a Family Member With Dementia: Models of Burden and Distress Differ for Women and Men.

Forecasts of increasing prevalence of dementia in rural settings, coupled with reliance on family caregiver support, indicate that a greater understanding of caregiver distress in these contexts is necessary. The purpose of this study was to examine family caregiver burden and severity of distress on the day that a family member was diagnosed with dementia at a memory clinic that serves a rural population. Participants in this retrospective study were 231 primary family caregivers of a rural community-dwelling person with dementia.

[Sympathetic reflex dystrophy. Effectiveness of physical therapy treatment of Sudeck's syndrome].

To investigate the impairment of patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) and to establish the effectiveness of two physiotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of this entity, 54 RSDS patients were examined clinically, radiologically and scintigraphically an average of 112 days after the triggering event. The patients were assigned to either of two treatment groups in accordance with the results of preliminary scintigraphic examinations. After physiotherapy comprising exercises and cryotherapy either with or without galvanic stimulation, a significant therapeutic effect on clinical and scintigraphic parameters was found in both treatment groups.

[The diagnostic value of scintigraphy and x-rays in unclear arthralgias of the hands].

33 patients presenting with arthralgia of wrists and finger joints were examined by radionuclide imaging and radiography. In 22 patients clinical symptoms turned out to be caused by inflammation, 11 patients suffered from degenerative joint disorder. Radionuclide imaging proved once more to be nonspecific albeit very sensitive; plain film radiography exhibited good specificity.

[Sonographic detection of osteodestruction of the mandible].

32 patients with osseous destruction of the mandible were examined sonographically. The results were compared with those of plain radiographs. In 30 patients, discontinuation of the cortex was clearly evident.

[B-mode and color-coded Doppler sonography in irradiation planning in klippel-Trenaunay syndrome with Kasabach-Merritt symptoms].

A patient with intravascular coagulation caused by the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome is presented; this is a rare phenomenon. The patient was treated with fast electrons. Sonography is a suitable method for determining the extension of the haemangiomas occurring in Klippel-Trenaunay's syndrome.

[Sudeck syndrome--a combined clinico-roentgenologic-nuclear medicine study].

147 patients with clinical suspicion of a Sudeck syndrome were submitted to X-ray and nuclear medical examinations. The clinical suspicion was confirmed in 122 patients. In six cases showing no X-ray symptoms, the diagnosis could only be confirmed by scintigraphy.

[Histiocytosis X: scintigraphic and roentgenologic findings].

The aim of this study was to compare the roentgenological and scintigraphic osseous changes in 25 resp. 18 patients with histiocytosis X and to analyse them. In particular, it was also interesting to discuss the divergent reports in the literature in respect of scintigraphic storage behaviour.

[Bone scintigraphy in high-voltage injury to the skull].

This is a report on the use of skeletal scintigraphy in skull injury caused by power current (heavy current). Nuclear medicine offers the advantage compared with x-ray technique of early and safe assessment of the vitality of the injured bone. This is of course of great value for selecting the appropriate therapy.

[Optimum surgical staging and rational use of radiodiagnostic methods in case of ovarian carcinomas (stages III and IV)].

Pretherapeutic informations furnished by surgery and histopathology are of special importance for the local high voltage therapy of the operated ovarial carcinoma. The intraoperative state does not only confirm the diagnosis, but also reveals the full biologic extension of the tumor and, thus, the correct staging. Extensive supplementary radiodiagnostic examinations are necessary if the informations furnished by the surgeon are not complete.

Vertebra plana Calvé.

The differential diagnostic problems of a case of vertebra plana Calvé having a rare location in the cervical spine are discussed. The various theories of aetiology and pathogenesis are considered briefly. The differentiation from inflammatory and tumourous diseases of the vertebral column is of great importance for therapeutic reasons.

[Investigation of inflammatory paranasal sinus diseases with scintigraphy (author's transl)].

In the course of inflammatory diseases affecting the paranasal sinuses, a number of complications may occur. One of those is the involvement of neighbouring skeletal portions. By this study evidence is given, that there is a high rate of inflammation, spreading to adjoining bone areas.

[The esophagogastral transitional region--localization of acute and chronic hemorrhages (author's transl)].

Various diseases which can be associated with hemorrhages are located in the esophagogastral transitional region. Emergency endoscopy can contribute significantly to the detection of an acute source of hemorrhage. Roentgenologic examination can make significant contributions toward the further clarification of acute and especially chronic hemorrhages, by assessment of the topographic, morphologic, functional and angiologic conditions.

[Skeletal scinitgraphy in neuroradiological diagnostics (author's transl)].

From a review of 52 selected cases showing neurologic symptoms, the possible use of skeletal scintigraphy for the purpose of neuroradiologic diagnostics is reported. The close relationship of the nervous system and surrounding structures with the skeletal system means that the skeletal system is often involved in nervous pathologic processes. Such involvement can be detected by skeletal scintigraphy which thus provides a vital aid to diagnosis and therapeutical planning.

[Scintigraphic studies of skeletal abnormalities during childhood (author's transl)].

An extensive application of nuclear medical examination in the field of pediatric diagnostics was only made possible by introduction of short-lived radionuclides. On the one hand, they cause low radiation exposure, on the other they allow short-term check-ups. Analysis carried out on examination results of 47 children revealing various skeletal disorders showed a combination of radiologic-nuclear medical examination methods to produce maximal information suitable for both diagnostics and therapeutical planning.

[Skeletal scintigraphy in otolaryngology (author's transl)].

Close relation of non osseus facial skull portions to the skeleton cause rapidly the bone to become co-involved in presence of various diseases. Early diagnosis is of decisive importance for therapeutic measures. For localisation scintigraphy has proved particularly reliable in aids to early determination.

[Pharmacodynamics of technetium-99m phosphatic compounds in the course of radiation therapy (author's transl)].

Based on a case suffering from an extraosseous tumor infiltrating the mandibula, the behaviour of 99mTc phosphatic compounds in the course of radiation therapy is described. Own measurements are confronted with results from literature. Thus it turned out that a valid interpretation of the late response was not possible, further studies undoubtedly being necessary.

[The radiological and scintigraphic findings in psoriatic arthropathy (author's transl)].

The radiological and scintigraphic findings in the skeletons of patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy are described. The results indicate that is it possible to detect inflammatory disease in joints by scintigraphy in patients who have not yet developed symptoms. The effect of treatment can be satisfactorily followed by serial scans.

[Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the terminal esophagus. (author's transl)].

On hand of a few selected cases diagnostic and differential diagnostic problems of the cardia are discussed. Radiological and endoscopical values are presented.