Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method.

Background And Aim: Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) serves as a straightforward assessment tool for autonomic function during both physiological and pathological conditions, including pregnancy, in horses. Obtaining VVTI through a modified base apex lead system could be a practical and comfortable solution. In this study, we assessed VVTI in horses with respect to training status and electrocardiographic measurements utilizing a novel modified base apex lead technique.

Effects of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses.

Background And Aim: Pregnancy affects maternal hemodynamics. The changes in autonomic nervous system activity for hemodynamics adaptation in pregnant horses are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses.

The position of ground electrode affects electrocardiographic parameters in horses.

Background And Aim: Improper attachment of the grounding lead is one of the artifacts and causes difficulty in interpretation of ECG. This study aimed to examine the effects of the position of a ground electrode on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in horses.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen Arabian horses without any cardiac problems were included in this study.

The effects of breed, age, sex, and body weight on electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of breed, sex, age, and body weight on different electrocardiographic parameters in military working dogs (Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd).

Materials And Methods: Electrocardiographic recordings (paper speed = 25 mm/s and calibration = 10 mm/mV) were performed to obtain all the standard bipolar limb leads (leads I, II, and III) and unipolar augmented limb leads (leads aVR, aVL, and aVF). A total of 16 Labrador Retrievers and 14 German Shepherds were restrained manually in the right lateral recumbency without any tranquilizer or anesthetic drug.

Perinatal Taurine Imbalance Followed by High Sugar Intake Alters the Effects of Estrogen on Renal Excretory Function in Adult Female Rats.

This study tests the hypothesis that perinatal taurine imbalance impairs renal function in adult female rats via alterations in estrogen activity. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal rat chow and water containing 3% beta-alanine (TD), 3% taurine (TS) or water alone (C) from conception until weaning. Then, female offspring received normal rat chow and water with (CG, TDG, TSG) or without (CW, TDW, TSW) 5% glucose.

Perinatal Taurine Supplementation Alters Renal Function via Renin-Angiotensin System Overactivity in Adult Female Rats.

This study tests the hypothesis that perinatal taurine supplementation followed by a high sugar diet since weaning impairs renal function via renin-angiotensin system (RAS) overactivity in adult female rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal rat chow and given water alone or water containing 3% taurine from conception until weaning. After weaning, the female rats received normal rat chow and water with (CG, TSG) or without (CW, TSW) 5% glucose throughout the experiment.

Perinatal taurine exposure affects adult oxidative stress.

Perinatal exposure to taurine (a β-amino acid) can alter adult physiological functions, including arterial pressure, hormonal and renal functions. Whereas perinatal taurine supplementation appears to have only minor effects on adult physiology, perinatal taurine depletion is associated with multiple adverse health effects, especially in animals postnatally exposed to other insults. New studies indicate that the mechanism for many of the physiological effects of taurine is related to the antioxidant activity of taurine.

Perinatal taurine imbalance alters the interplay of renin-angiotensin system and estrogen on glucose-insulin regulation in adult female rats.

Perinatal taurine depletion followed by high sugar intake (postweaning) alters the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and glucose regulation in adult female rats. This study tests the hypothesis that in adult female rats, RAS and estrogen contribute to insulin resistance resulting from perinatal taurine imbalance. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal rat chow with 3% β-alanine (taurine depletion, TD), 3% taurine (taurine supplementation, TS), or water alone (control, C) from conception to weaning.

Perinatal taurine exposure alters renal potassium excretion mechanisms in adult conscious rats.

Perinatal taurine exposure has long-term effects on the arterial pressure and renal function. This study tests its influence on renal potassium excretion in young adult, conscious rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal rat chow and given water alone (C), 3% beta-alanine in water (taurine depletion, TD) or 3% taurine in water (taurine supplementation, TS), either from conception until delivery (fetal period; TDF or TSF) or from delivery until weaning (lactation period; TDL or TSL).

Perinatal taurine alters arterial pressure control and renal function in adult offspring.

The present study investigates the effect of perinatal taurine exposure on renal function in adult, female rats on a high sugar diet. Perinatal taurine depleted (TD), supplemented (TS) or untreated control (C) female offspring were fed normal rat chow and tap water (CW,TDW or TSW) or tap water with 5% glucose (CG, TDG or TSG) after weaning. At 7-8 weeks of age, renal function was studied in the conscious, restrained rats.

Sex dependent effects of perinatal taurine exposure on the arterial pressure control in adult offspring.

The present study tests the sex-dependent effect of perinatal taurine exposure on arterial pressure control in adults. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal rat chow with 3% beta-alanine (taurine depletion,TD), 3% taurine (taurine supplementation,TS) or water alone (C) from conception to weaning. Their male and female offspring were then fed normal rat chow and tap water with 5% glucose (C with glucose, CG; TD with glucose, TDG; TS with glucose, TSG) or water alone (CW, TDW or TSW).