Publications by authors named "Wiam A M Madani"
Article Synopsis
- Enterococci are bacteria primarily found in the gastrointestinal tract, but they can also affect other organs like the heart, liver, and kidneys, potentially leading to severe infections.
- Their ability to thrive in various environments is due to their metabolic flexibility, which helps them adapt and persist in different tissues.
- To transition from harmless residents to harmful pathogens, enterococci have developed strategies to overcome challenges like nutrient competition and the immune response, utilizing specific molecular pathways for adhesion and colonization.
Article Synopsis
- Postoperative ileus (POI) often causes extended hospital stays after abdominal surgery due to digestive tract paralysis, leading to symptoms like constipation and vomiting.
- Currently, treatments for POI are mainly supportive and not very effective, prompting the development of a new device called INSPIRE, which is an ingestible and self-propelling device designed to stimulate intestinal movement.
- In tests on swine models, the INSPIRE device significantly improved intestinal motility, with a 44% increase in normal cases and a 140% improvement in chemically induced ileus, drastically reducing the average passage time from 8.6 days to 2.5 days, making it a promising noninvasive treatment option for motility disorders.
Article Synopsis
- Pills are essential in medicine but can be hard to swallow, while liquid forms lack specific therapeutic targeting and controlled release.
- The study introduces liquid in situ-forming tough (LIFT) hydrogels, which create a gel in the stomach by mixing two solutions, allowing for a better drug delivery method.
- Tested in live rats and pigs, LIFT hydrogels are strong, safe, and effectively deliver drugs while protecting sensitive therapeutic enzymes and bacteria from stomach acid, potentially aiding patients who struggle with traditional medicine forms.
Effective therapies for obesity require invasive surgical and endoscopic interventions or high patient adherence, making it challenging for patients with obesity to effectively manage their disease. Gastric mechanoreceptors sense distension of the stomach and perform volume-dependent vagal signaling to initiate the gastric phase and influence satiety. In this study, we developed a new luminal stimulation modality to specifically activate these gastric stretch receptors to elicit a vagal afferent response commensurate with mechanical distension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffective therapies for obesity either require invasive surgical or endoscopic interventions or high patient adherence, making it challenging for the nearly 42% of American adults who suffer from obesity to effectively manage their disease. Gastric mechanoreceptors sense distension of the stomach and perform volume-dependent vagal signaling to initiate the gastric phase and influence satiety. In this study, we developed a new luminal stimulation modality to specifically activate these gastric stretch receptors to elicit a vagal afferent response commensurate with mechanical distension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Oral drug delivery of proteins usually requires injections due to poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and mucus barriers.
- The RoboCap is a robotic capsule designed to clear mucus and mix contents in the small intestine to improve drug absorption.
- In studies with swine models, RoboCap significantly enhanced the absorption of vancomycin and insulin, demonstrating its potential for effective oral delivery of traditionally difficult-to-absorb medications.