NUAK: never underestimate a kinase.

NUAK1 and NUAK2 belong to a family of kinases related to the catalytic α-subunits of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complexes. Despite canonical activation by the tumour suppressor kinase LKB1, both NUAKs exhibit a spectrum of activities that favour tumour development and progression. Here, we review similarities in structure and function of the NUAKs, their regulation at gene, transcript and protein level, and discuss their phosphorylation of specific downstream targets in the context of the signal transduction pathways and biological activities regulated by each or both NUAKs.

A facility for cryogenic ion irradiation and in situ characterization of rare-earth barium copper oxide superconducting tapes.

Superconducting magnets based on Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxides (REBCO) offer transformative capabilities in the fields of fusion energy, high energy physics, and space exploration. A challenge shared by these applications is the limited lifetime of REBCO due to radiation damage sustained during operation. Here we present a new ion-beam facility that enables simultaneous cryogenic irradiation and in situ characterization of commercial REBCO tapes.

IL-27 maintains cytotoxic Ly6C γδ T cells that arise from immature precursors.

In mice, γδ-T lymphocytes that express the co-stimulatory molecule, CD27, are committed to the IFNγ-producing lineage during thymic development. In the periphery, these cells play a critical role in host defense and anti-tumor immunity. Unlike αβ-T cells that rely on MHC-presented peptides to drive their terminal differentiation, it is unclear whether MHC-unrestricted γδ-T cells undergo further functional maturation after exiting the thymus.

Characterizing Neutrophil Subtypes in Cancer Using scRNA Sequencing Demonstrates the Importance of IL1β/CXCR2 Axis in Generation of Metastasis-specific Neutrophils.

Unlabelled: Neutrophils are a highly heterogeneous cellular population. However, a thorough examination of the different transcriptional neutrophil states between health and malignancy has not been performed. We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing of human and murine datasets, both publicly available and independently generated, to identify neutrophil transcriptomic subtypes and developmental lineages in health and malignancy.

CaMKK2 as an emerging treatment target for bipolar disorder.

Current pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder are inadequate and based on serendipitously discovered drugs often with limited efficacy, burdensome side-effects, and unclear mechanisms of action. Advances in drug development for the treatment of bipolar disorder remain incremental and have come largely from repurposing drugs used for other psychiatric conditions, a strategy that has failed to find truly revolutionary therapies, as it does not target the mood instability that characterises the condition. The lack of therapeutic innovation in the bipolar disorder field is largely due to a poor understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and the consequent absence of validated drug targets.

Analysis of CDR3 Sequences from T-Cell Receptor β in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an illness that typically develops in people who are significantly ill or have serious injuries. ARDS is characterized by fluid build-up that occurs in the alveoli. T-cells are implicated as playing a role in the modulation of the aberrant response leading to excessive tissue damage and, eventually, ARDS.

NUAK1 governs centrosome replication in pancreatic cancer via MYPT1/PP1β and GSK3β-dependent regulation of PLK4.

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinase NUAK1 (NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1) has emerged as a potential vulnerability in MYC-dependent cancer but the biological roles of NUAK1 in different settings are poorly characterised, and the spectrum of cancer types that exhibit a requirement for NUAK1 is unknown. Unlike canonical oncogenes, NUAK1 is rarely mutated in cancer and appears to function as an obligate facilitator rather than a cancer driver per se. Although numerous groups have developed small-molecule NUAK inhibitors, the circumstances that would trigger their use and the unwanted toxicities that may arise as a consequence of on-target activity are thus undetermined.

The Escalating Crisis of Health and Safety Law Enforcement in Great Britain: What Does Brexit Mean?

This paper explores occupational safety and health regulation in Great Britain following the UK's exit from the European Union. In particular, the paper focuses on the credibility of regulatory enforcement. The prospects raised by the UK's exit from the European Union have long been part of a free-market fantasy-even obsession-of right-wing politicians and their ideologues.

Use of ofatumumab and eplerenone in post-transplant recurrence of FSGS.

Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) predisposes patients for risk of recurrent disease in allografts.

Methods: We report a case of a recipient of an unrelated living donor renal transplant and discuss considerations for utilization of ofatumumab and eplerenone in treatment for recurrent FSGS.

Results: The recipient was initially managed with scheduled plasmapheresis, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and rituximab post-transplant during index hospitalization.

Classifying patient and professional voice in social media health posts.

Background: Patient-based analysis of social media is a growing research field with the aim of delivering precision medicine but it requires accurate classification of posts relating to patients' experiences. We motivate the need for this type of classification as a pre-processing step for further analysis of social media data in the context of related work in this area. In this paper we present experiments for a three-way document classification by patient voice, professional voice or other.

Repression of the Type I Interferon Pathway Underlies MYC- and KRAS-Dependent Evasion of NK and B Cells in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

MYC is implicated in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, yet the precise level of MYC deregulation required to contribute to tumor development has been difficult to define. We used modestly elevated expression of human MYC, driven from the locus, to investigate the pancreatic phenotypes arising in mice from an approximation of trisomy. We show that this level of MYC alone suffices to drive pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and to accelerate progression of KRAS-initiated precursor lesions to metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of the 1080 Quantum System for Bench Press Exercise.

Boehringer, S and Whyte, DG. Validity and test-retest reliability of the 1080 Quantum System for bench press exercise. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3242-3251, 2019-This study assessed the validity and reliability of the 1080 Quantum (1080Q) during the bench press exercise.

Small, modular and economically attractive fusion enabled by high temperature superconductors.

The advantages of high magnetic fields in tokamaks are reviewed, and why they are important in leading to more compact tokamaks. A brief explanation is given of what limits the magnetic field in a tokamak, and why high temperature superconductors (HTSs) are a game changer, not just because of their higher magnetic fields but also for reasons of higher current density and higher operating temperatures. An accelerated pathway to fusion energy is described, defined by the SPARC and ARC tokamak designs.

The Epidemiology of Low Back Pain and Injury in Dance: A Systematic Review.

Background: Dance is a physical pursuit that involves loading the spine through repetitive dynamic movements and lifting tasks. As such, low back pain (LBP) and low back injury (LBI) have been identified as common health problems in contemporary and classical ballet dancers. However, clarity regarding the experience of LBP and LBI in dance is lacking.

Multi-segment spine kinematics: Relationship with dance training and low back pain.

Background: Spine posture, range of motion (ROM) and movement asymmetry can contribute to low back pain (LBP). These variables may have greater impact in populations required to perform repetitive spine movements, such as dancers; however, there is limited evidence to support this.

Research Question: What is the influence of dance and LBP on spinal kinematics?

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, multi-segment spinal kinematics were examined in 60 female participants, including dancers (n = 21) and non-dancers (n = 39) with LBP (n = 33) and without LBP (n = 27).

Study of the properties of thin Li films and their relationship with He plasmas using ion beam analysis in the DIONISOS experiment.

Plasma facing component (PFC) conditioning dramatically affects plasma performance in magnetic confinement fusion experiments. Lithium (Li) has been used in several machines to condition PFC with subsequent improvements to plasma performance. Multiple studies have investigated the interactions of Li with deuterium (D) and oxygen (O) in order to ascertain the mechanisms behind the enhanced plasma performance.

The prevalence and impact of low back pain in pre-professional and professional dancers: A prospective study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in pre-professional and professional dancers and its impact on dance participation, care-seeking and medication use.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: One pre-professional ballet school, two pre-professional university dance programs, and a professional ballet company.

Non-motorized Treadmill Running Is Associated with Higher Cardiometabolic Demands Compared with Overground and Motorized Treadmill Running.

The aim of this study was to compare the cardiometabolic demands of running on a curved non-motorized treadmill (cNMT) with overground (OVR) and motorized treadmill (MOT) running. Fourteen trained male ( = 7) and female ( = 7) runners ([Formula: see text] 56.6 ± 4.

Normobaric hypoxia increases the growth hormone response to maximal resistance exercise in trained men.

This study examined the effect of hypoxia on growth hormone (GH) release during an acute bout of high-intensity, low-volume resistance exercise. Using a single-blinded, randomised crossover design, 16 resistance-trained males completed two resistance exercise sessions in normobaric hypoxia (HYP; inspiratory oxygen fraction, (FiO) 0.12, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO) 82 ± 2%) and normoxia (NOR; FiO 0.

Life history and point prevalence of low back pain in pre-professional and professional dancers.

Objectives: To investigate lifetime history and point prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in pre-professional and professional dancers and to identify any demographic or physical factors associated with LBP in dancers.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: One pre-professional ballet school, two pre-professional university dance programs, and a professional nationally touring ballet company.

Comparison of energy expenditure and heart rate responses between three commercial group fitness classes.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the energy expenditure and heart rate responses between three commercial group fitness classes (group resistance exercise [PUMP]; indoor stationary cycling [RIDE]; and step aerobics [STEP]).

Design: One-Way Repeated Measures incorporating a Latin Square Design for class randomisation.

Methods: Ten participants (5 males and 5 females) completed each group fitness class in random order with energy expenditure and heart rate determined using an Actiheart monitor.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Update on Vaccine Development.

Leishmaniasis is an important disease mediated by the protozoan parasite via the bite of the female sandfly insect vector. Leishmaniasis is endemic in the tropical and subtropical regions. The most common form of the disease is cutaneous leishmaniasis, which affects more than 10 million people worldwide and includes at least 1.