CropLife Europe Crop Development Database: An open-source, pan-European, harmonized crop development database for use in regulatory pesticide exposure modeling and risk assessment.

There is a regulatory need for crop development dates to assess current default values used within chemical exposure assessments as well as to justify refinements within risk assessments. However, a readily available pan-European crop phenology database covering key FOrum for the Co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their USe (FOCUS) crops and scenarios to meet this need is not currently available. Therefore, we describe the development of a harmonized, pan-European, CropLife Europe Crop Development Database (C2D2), that is fully aligned with this regulatory requirement utilizing efficacy trials data generated for regulatory submissions when registering plant protection products under Regulation (EU)1107/2009.

Intrahepatic cholestasis in sickle cell disease: A review of diagnostic criteria, treatments, and case reports.

Objective To delineate the etiology, symptomatology, and treatment of sickle cell intrahepatic cholestasis (SCIC). Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most frequently inherited hematologic disease, and SCIC is one rare and often fatal complication and comorbid disease. The literature contains only a small number of case reports involving SCIC and hence limited guidance can be obtained.

Electrical Status Epilepticus in Sleep (ESES) in an Elderly Adult: A Case Report.

Electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) is a pattern of continuous spikes seen in electroencephalography (EEG) and may be associated with neuropsychological deficits in children. This EEG pattern has not previously been reported in older adults. In this case report, a 66-year-old woman with post-traumatic epilepsy presented to the emergency department following a breakthrough seizure.

Sensory gating is related to positive and disorganised schizotypy in contrast to smooth pursuit eye movements and latent inhibition.

Since the characteristics and symptoms of both schizophrenia and schizotypy are manifested heterogeneously, it is possible that different endophenotypes and neurophysiological measures (sensory gating and smooth pursuit eye movement errors) represent different clusters of symptoms. Participants (N = 205) underwent a standard conditioned-pairing paradigm to establish their sensory gating ratio, a smooth-pursuit eye-movement task, a latent inhibition task, and completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. A Multidimensional Scaling analysis revealed that sensory gating was related to positive and disorganised dimensions of schizotypy.

Growing up with sickle cell disease: a pilot study of a transition program for adolescents with sickle cell disease.

We implemented the Duke Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) Transition Program for adolescents with SCD and investigated the knowledge about SCD; concerns and emotions about transitioning; and the initial impact of the Transition Program. Thirty-three adolescents participated in the initial study. Gaps in knowledge included ethnicities affected by SCD and inheritance of SCD.

Neuropsychological assessment, neuroimaging, and neuropsychiatric evaluation in pediatric and adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).

Traditionally, neuropsychological deficits due to Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) have been understudied in adults. We have begun to suspect, however, that symptomatic and asymptomatic Cerebrovascular Events (CVE) may account for an alarming number of deficits in this population. In the current brief review, we critically evaluated the pediatric and adult literatures on the neurocognitive effects of SCD.

Rapid, sensitive, and specific lateral-flow immunochromatographic point-of-care device for detection of herpes simplex virus type 2-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in serum and whole blood.

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a common human pathogen that can cause a variety of clinical manifestations in humans. In order to provide near-patient results to allow for faster counseling and treatment, a rapid point-of-care test that is accurate and simple to use is desirable. Here, we describe the development and evaluation of an HSV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific antibody lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on colloidal gold nanoparticles.

Parental substance abuse, reports of chronic pain and coping in adult patients with sickle cell disease.

There is increasing interest from a social learning perspective in understanding the role of parental factors on adult health behaviors and health outcomes. Our review revealed no studies, to date, that have evaluated the effects of parental substance abuse on reports of chronic pain and coping in adult patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). We explored the effects of parental substance (alcohol or drug) abuse on reports of the sensory, affective and summary indices of pain in 67 adult patients, mean age 38.

Distribution of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 in the rat adrenal and their activation by angiotensin II.

The adrenal gland of the rat is continuously regenerated through proliferation of a stem cell population in the outer part of the gland. To clarify the location of proliferative events within the adrenal gland, and the factors that stimulate them, rat adrenal capsule preparations, consisting of capsule, zona glomerulosa (ZG) and the outer zona fasciculata (ZF) were maintained in vitro under different conditions of stimulation, for varying periods. Sites of proliferation were identified by 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) staining, and the distribution of classical MAP kinase (MAPK) family members, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1 and 2, immunoreactivity was determined using immunocytochemistry.

A brief review of the pathophysiology, associated pain, and psychosocial issues in sickle cell disease.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic disorder of the blood. The disease produces significantly abnormal hemoglobin (Hgb) molecules in red blood cells (RBCs). The sickling of RBCs occurs when partially or totally deoxygenated Hgb molecules distort their normal disk shape, producing stiff, sticky, sickle-shaped cells that obstruct small blood vessels and produce vasoocclusion as well as the disruption of oxygen to body tissues.

Adrenal neuropeptides: regulation and interaction with ACTH and other adrenal regulators.

It is now well accepted that both the cortex and medulla of the mammalian adrenal gland receive a rich innervation. Many different transmitter substances have been identified in nerves supplying both cortex and medulla and, as well as catecholamines, a wide range of neuropeptides has been found in the adrenal gland. There have been several studies on the affects of age, sodium intake, stress, ACTH, and splanchnic nerve activity on the regulation of adrenal neuropeptide content.

Agouti-related protein has an inhibitory paracrine role in the rat adrenal gland.

alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating-hormone (alpha-MSH) is an agonist at the melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3-R) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4-R). alpha-MSH stimulates corticosterone release from rat adrenal glomerulosa cells in vitro. Agouti-related protein (AgRP) an endogenous antagonist at the MC3-R and MC4-R, is expressed in the adrenal gland.

Neuropeptides and adrenocortical proliferation in vitro.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) are localised in the capsule and zona glomerulosa region of the adrenal cortex, where they play an important role in regulating steroidogenesis and adrenal blood flow. This study investigates the effect of these neuropeptides on adrenocortical cellular proliferation and steroidogenesis in vitro. Capsular/glomerulosa and innerzone/medulla preparations were either stimulated acutely with NPY or VIP (both 10(-6) M) for up to 2 hours or for 24 hours, four and eight days in vitro in eagles MEM (3.

Zonal differentiation in the rat adrenal cortex.

The factors that establish and maintain adrenocortical zonation are poorly understood. The capsular adrenal gland of the rat has been shown to develop into a functionally zoned tissue in autotransplanted glands in vivo. To examine this in vitro, capsular gland preparations (largely glomerulosa (zg) with some fasciculata (zf) were cultured in vitro in Eagles MEM (3.

Adaptation and coping: a look at a sickle cell patient population over age 30--an integral phase of the life long developmental process.

Individuals with sickle cell disease experience a variety of psychosocial issues, some of which lead to maladjustments. To gather baseline data on coping and adjustment by a group of individuals over 30 years of age, a pilot study was conducted with 30 patients followed routinely at the Duke University Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center. The purpose of the study was to characterize such psychosocial parameters as coping behaviors, education, employment, group affiliation, health beliefs, marital status, parenting and perceptions regarding the disease.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis associated with contaminated poloxamer-iodine solution.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was responsible for four cases of peritonitis and one of wound infection at the catheter site in outpatients on chronic peritoneal dialysis. All organisms had the same antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotype. Culture surveys showed that a strain of Ps.