Real options analysis for valuation of climate adaptation pathways with application to transit infrastructure.

Climate change and sea-level rise (SLR) are expected to increase the frequency and intensity of coastal flood events, posing risks to coastal communities and infrastructure. While regional climate adaptation investments can provide substantive flood protection, existing plans often neglect uncertainty in future climate conditions and adaptation performance, consequently neglecting the option value of flexibly implementing proposed projects. Addressing this gap, we develop and employ a generalizable real options analysis (ROA) valuation framework that considers how uncertainty in adaptation project costs, SLR, flood severity, and flood losses inform the full range of adaptation performance outcomes.

Profiling mouse brown and white adipocytes to identify metabolically relevant small ORFs and functional microproteins.

Microproteins (MPs) are a potentially rich source of uncharacterized metabolic regulators. Here, we use ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) to curate 3,877 unannotated MP-encoding small ORFs (smORFs) in primary brown, white, and beige mouse adipocytes. Of these, we validated 85 MPs by proteomics, including 33 circulating MPs in mouse plasma.

Potential of Mean Force for Face-Face Interactions between Pairs of 2:1 Clay Mineral Platelets.

Bottom-up modeling of clay behavior from the molecular scale requires a detailed understanding of the free energy between pairs of clay platelets. We investigate the potential of mean force (PMF) for hydrated clays in face-to-face interactions with free energy perturbation (FEP) methods through molecular dynamics simulations using simple overlap sampling (SOS). We show that PMF results for open systems with one finite in-plane dimension are affected by migration of counterions from within the interlayer space compared with fully confined closed system conditions.

Establishing a perioperative medicine for older people undergoing surgery service for general surgical patients at a district general hospital.

Introduction: There is growing recognition of the need for perioperative medicine services for older surgical patients. Comprehensive geriatric assessment and optimisation methodology has been successfully used to improve perioperative outcomes at tertiary centres. This paper describes translation of an established model of geriatrician-led perioperative care to a district general hospital (DGH) setting.

Addressing adolescent substance use in an urban pediatric federally qualified health center.

Objective: Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is a systematic approach to identification and intervention for individuals at risk for substance use disorders. Prior research indicates that SBIRT is underutilized in pediatric primary care. Yet few studies have examined procedures for identifying and addressing substance use in clinics that serve publicly insured adolescents (i.

Low-salinity transitions drive abrupt microbial response to sea-level change.

The salinisation of many coastal ecosystems is underway and is expected to continue into the future because of sea-level rise and storm intensification brought about by the changing climate. However, the response of soil microbes to increasing salinity conditions within coastal environments is poorly understood, despite their importance for nutrient cascading, carbon sequestration and wider ecosystem functioning. Here, we demonstrate deterioration in the productivity of a top-tier microbial group (testate amoebae) with increasing coastal salinity, which we show to be consistent across phylogenetic groups, salinity gradients, environment types and latitude.

Effects of hydraulically disconnecting consumer pumps in an intermittent water supply.

We estimate 250 million people receive water using private pumps connected directly to intermittently pressurized distribution networks. Yet no previous studies have quantified the presumed effects of these pumps. In this paper, we investigate the effects of installing pressure-sustaining valves at consumer connections.

Heterozygous ANKRD17 loss-of-function variants cause a syndrome with intellectual disability, speech delay, and dysmorphism.

ANKRD17 is an ankyrin repeat-containing protein thought to play a role in cell cycle progression, whose ortholog in Drosophila functions in the Hippo pathway as a co-factor of Yorkie. Here, we delineate a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by de novo heterozygous ANKRD17 variants. The mutational spectrum of this cohort of 34 individuals from 32 families is highly suggestive of haploinsufficiency as the underlying mechanism of disease, with 21 truncating or essential splice site variants, 9 missense variants, 1 in-frame insertion-deletion, and 1 microdeletion (1.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem-, and fluoroquinolone-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the feces of horses and hospital surfaces at two equine specialty hospitals.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem-, and fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae in the feces of hospitalized horses and on hospital surfaces.

Sample: Fecal and environmental samples were collected from The Ohio State University Galbreath Equine Center (OSUGEC) and a private referral equine hospital in Kentucky (KYEH). Feces were sampled within 24 hours after hospital admission and after 48 hours and 3 to 7 days of hospitalization.

Microbial abundance and community composition in biofilms on in-pipe sensors in a drinking water distribution system.

Collecting biofilm samples from drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) is challenging due to limited access to the pipes during regular operations. We report here the analysis of microbial communities in biofilm and water samples collected from sensors installed in a DWDS where monochloramine is used as a residual disinfectant. A total of 52 biofilm samples and 14 bulk water samples were collected from 17 pipe sections representing different water ages.

Stereoscopic Display Is Superior to Conventional Display for Three-Dimensional Echocardiography of Congenital Heart Anatomy.

Background: Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) improves visualization of cardiac lesions. Current viewing of 3DE studies on a conventional display diminishes the encoded stereoscopic (stereo) information for depth perception. This study aims to evaluate clinician subjective and objective experience of stereo display compared with nonstereo display of 3DE in congenital heart disease.

Smokey the Beaver: beaver-dammed riparian corridors stay green during wildfire throughout the western United States.

Beaver dams are gaining popularity as a low-tech, low-cost strategy to build climate resiliency at the landscape scale. They slow and store water that can be accessed by riparian vegetation during dry periods, effectively protecting riparian ecosystems from droughts. Whether or not this protection extends to wildfire has been discussed anecdotally but has not been examined in a scientific context.

Teaching Death Disclosure: A Mixed-Method Comparison of Resident Self-Assessment and Standardized Patient Assessment.

Objective: To characterize how pediatric resident self-evaluation compares to standardized patient evaluations in simulated child death disclosure scenarios.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational, mixed-methods study in which 18 second-year pediatric residents delivered the news of a death of a child to a trained standardized patient (SP) couple. The SPs evaluated residents via a quantitative global rating (1-3 scale) and via qualitative comments.

Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycles Applied to a Longitudinal Research Protocol in a Family Medicine Residency.

Background And Objectives: Barriers to research in family medicine are common. Resident studies are at risk of remaining incomplete. This report describes a process improvement (PI) to optimize survey data collection in a longitudinal research protocol led by family medicine residents.

Reelin is modulated by diet-induced obesity and has direct actions on arcuate proopiomelanocortin neurons.

Objective: Reelin (RELN) is a large glycoprotein involved in synapse maturation and neuronal organization throughout development. Deficits in RELN signaling contribute to multiple psychological disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Nutritional stress alters RELN expression in brain regions associated with these disorders; however, the involvement of RELN in the neural circuits involved in energy metabolism is unknown.

Salt-Enrichment Impact on Biomass Production in a Natural Population of Peatland Dwelling Arcellinida and Euglyphida (Testate Amoebae).

Unicellular free-living microbial eukaryotes of the order Arcellinida (Tubulinea; Amoebozoa) and Euglyphida (Cercozoa; SAR), commonly termed testate amoebae, colonise almost every freshwater ecosystem on Earth. Patterns in the distribution and productivity of these organisms are strongly linked to abiotic conditions-particularly moisture availability and temperature-however, the ecological impacts of changes in salinity remain poorly documented. Here, we examine how variable salt concentrations affect a natural community of Arcellinida and Euglyphida on a freshwater sub-Antarctic peatland.

Adipocyte-secreted BMP8b mediates adrenergic-induced remodeling of the neuro-vascular network in adipose tissue.

Activation of brown adipose tissue-mediated thermogenesis is a strategy for tackling obesity and promoting metabolic health. BMP8b is secreted by brown/beige adipocytes and enhances energy dissipation. Here we show that adipocyte-secreted BMP8b contributes to adrenergic-induced remodeling of the neuro-vascular network in adipose tissue (AT).

Multiview Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Image Fusion Using a Passive Measurement Arm.

Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography offers a fast and efficient way to scan and assess the structures and function of the heart. However, due to limitations inherent to 3D echocardiography such as limited field-of-view and low signal-to-noise ratio, 3D assessment of the heart is performed only in a minority of patients who undergo transthoracic echocardiography. One approach for improving the field-of-view and image quality is to scan the heart from multiple locations by moving the transducer and fusing the resulting images into a single volume, which requires 3D alignment of individual volumetric echocardiography scans.

Assembling the Dead, Gathering the Living: Radiocarbon Dating and Bayesian Modelling for Copper Age Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain).

The great site of Valencina de la Concepción, near Seville in the lower Guadalquivir valley of southwest Spain, is presented in the context of debate about the nature of Copper Age society in southern Iberia as a whole. Many aspects of the layout, use, character and development of Valencina remain unclear, just as there are major unresolved questions about the kind of society represented there and in southern Iberia, from the late fourth to the late third millennium cal BC. This paper discusses 178 radiocarbon dates, from 17 excavated sectors within the c.

Analytical scaling relations to evaluate leakage and intrusion in intermittent water supply systems.

Intermittent water supplies (IWS) deliver piped water to one billion people; this water is often microbially contaminated. Contaminants that accumulate while IWS are depressurized are flushed into customers' homes when these systems become pressurized. In addition, during the steady-state phase of IWS, contaminants from higher-pressure sources (e.