Impact of exposure to opioids in pregnancy on offspring developmental outcomes in the preschool years: an umbrella review.

Background: Early child development sets the course for optimal outcomes across life. Increasing numbers of children worldwide are exposed to opioids in pregnancy and frequently live in environments associated with adverse developmental outcomes. Although multiple systematic reviews have been published in this area, they use different exposures and different types of outcomes.

Administration of Spermidine and Eugenol Demonstrates Anti-Tumorigenic Efficacy on Metastatic SW620 and Primary Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Spheroids.

The anti-cancer potential of eugenol (EUG) is well recognized, whereas that of spermidine (SPD) is subject to dispute and requires further research. The anti-tumorigenic potential of wheat germ SPD (150 µM) and clove EUG (100 µM), alone, in combination as SPD+EUG (50 µM + 100 µM) and, as a supplement (SUPPL; 0.6 µM SPD + 50 µM EUG), was investigated on both metastatic SW620 and primary Caco-2 colorectal cancer (CRC) spheroids.

"All-in-one" nano-system for smart delivery and imaging-guided combination therapy of triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with highly malignant and aggressive, still faces challenges in treatment due to the single treatment and side effects. It is urgent to develop an advanced theranostic platform against TNBC. Herein, an "all-in-one" nano-system Au/Cu nanodots/doxorubicin@nanospheres (Au/CuNDs/DOX@NS) with dual-responsive properties was designed for dual-mode imaging-guided combination treatment of TNBC.

An Analysis on the Impact of Childhood Adversity, Anxiety, and C-Reactive Protein on Adult Chronic Pain in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study.

Objective: This study used the Midlife-Development in the United States (MIDUS) dataset to a) examine relationships between reported childhood adversity (CA), anxiety, and pain; b) assess associations between CAs, anxiety, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and pain; and c) explore how CAs, anxiety, and CRP are associated with pain medication consumption.

Methods: Data were from Project-4 of MIDUS-II (n = 1225), which utilized Project-1 demographics and supplemental chart review. For objectives 1-2, structural equational modeling (SEM) followed by general linear modeling (GLM) regression was conducted.

Changes in cognition and astrocytic reactivity in a female rodent model of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment are variable both acutely and chronically.

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI) affects female cancer survivors, with impairment recognised in populations such as breast cancer survivors, where 1 in 3 are affected. Impairments include issues with memory, learning, concentration, and processing speed, negatively impacting quality of life. Several mechanisms are proposed to drive these, with evidence implicating neuroinflammation as a key contributor.

Ethics of artificial intelligence in embryo assessment: mapping the terrain.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to standardize and automate important aspects of fertility treatment, improving clinical outcomes. One promising application of AI in the fertility clinic is the use of machine learning (ML) tools to assess embryos for transfer. The successful clinical implementation of these tools in ways that do not erode consumer trust requires an awareness of the ethical issues that these technologies raise, and the development of strategies to manage any ethical concerns.

FERTILITY CARE IN LOW AND MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES: Embryologists' practices of care in IVF-clinics in sub-Saharan Africa.

Abstract: Despite the centrality of the role of embryologists in in vitro fertilization (IVF), there is relatively little literature on the nature of their work. In this article, we draw on results from a large ethnographic study on the emerging IVF industry in South Africa and reproductive travel in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where IVF clinics and embryologists are scarce. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 11 embryologists, who work(ed) in SSA, we illustrate how their care practices are produced through the interaction of people and things.

Effect of cyclic topology linear terpolymers on antibacterial activity and biocompatibility: antimicrobial peptide avatars.

Host-defense peptides (HDPs) and their analogs hold significant potential for combating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. However, their clinical use has been hindered by susceptibility to proteases, high production costs, and cytotoxicity towards mammalian cells. Synthetic polymers with diverse topologies and compositions, designed to mimic HDPs, show promise for treating bacterial infections.

One arrow two eagles: Multifunctional nano-system for macrophage reprogramming and osteoclastogenesis inhibition against inflammatory osteolysis.

Inflammatory osteolysis poses a significant worldwide threat to public health. However, current monotherapies, which target either the prevention of the inflammatory response or the attenuation of osteoclast (OC) formation, have limited efficacy due to the complexity of the bone immune system being overlooked. Herein, by means of modifying salmon calcitonin (sCT), a multifunctional nano-system (AuNDs-sCT) was designed to synergistically inhibit OC differentiation and reverse the inflammatory microenvironment against inflammatory osteolysis.

Quality of information for oocyte donors on South African donor agency websites: a content analysis.

Reproductive travel for gamete donation is becoming increasingly common. South Africa is renowned for its availability and relative affordability of high-quality assisted reproductive technology (ART) services. In South Africa (SA) gamete donation is anonymous by law and donors are compensated.

The effect of assessor visibility on student stress and anxiety in emergency care simulation assessments.

Background: Simulation assessment can result in anxiety for students. These assessments involve being observed by assessors, so there is a significant socio-evaluative stress component which may cause greater anxiety if assessors are visible to students during assessments. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of assessor visibility on biological and physiological markers of stress and levels of anxiety experienced by pre-hospital emergency care students in a simulation assessment environment.

Fluoropolymer sorbent for efficient and selective capturing of per- and polyfluorinated compounds.

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have gained widespread attention due to their adverse effects on health and environment. Developing efficient technology to capture PFAS from contaminated sources remains a great challenge. In this study, we introduce a type of reusable polymeric sorbent (PFPE-IEX + ) for rapid, efficient, and selective removal of multiple PFAS impurities from various contaminated water sources.

Human animal relationships in cattle breeds addressed from a Five Domains welfare framework.

The present review has two objectives, the first is to investigate the differences in temperament between and breeds and determining the effects on production due to positive treatment and to compare this with negative HAR, by using the Five Domain Model as framework. The second objective is to discuss potential strategies to achieve better HAR when working with cattle. are more reactive and temperamental than cattle.

Financial struggles and coping with the aftermath of breast cancer care: An ethnographic study in Vietnam.

Breast cancer, the most common cancer diagnosed among women, disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Based on an ethnographic study conducted in Central Vietnam in 2019, including observation and interviews with 33 women patients, we investigate how women and their families managed the financial burden of breast cancer care. Our findings suggest that in a context where health-related risk protection is poorly organised and out-of-pocket expenses are burdensome, despite the presence of universal health coverage, patients must rely heavily on informal arrangements to finance their treatment.

Lessons for the Future of NAMs from History, Philosophy and Social Studies of Science.

This paper explores what we can learn from the humanities and social sciences about how standards operate in and around science, in order to understand more about how 'the gold standard' can be shifted away from the use of animals in research and testing, and toward New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). These fields allow us to consider potential futures of NAMs as alternatives, replacements, or complements to animal use in testing and research. As we demonstrate, the questions that we pose and how they are framed are as important as the answers that result.

Trojan-horse inspired nanoblaster: X-ray triggered spot attack on radio-resistant cancer through radiodynamic therapy.

Radiotherapy as a mainstay of in-depth cervical cancer (CC) treatment suffers from its radioresistance. Radiodynamic therapy (RDT) effectively reverses radio-resistance by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) with deep tissue penetration. However, the photosensitizers stimulated by X-ray have high toxicity and energy attenuation.

Digital music and movement intervention to improve health and wellbeing in older adults in care homes: a pilot mixed methods study.

Background: Low physical activity among older adults is related to adverse health outcomes such as depression and loneliness, poor physical function and increased risk of falls. This study was designed to increase physical activity through a digital, group-based, physical activity and music intervention and to examine its effectiveness on social, mental and physical health outcomes.

Methods: Participants were 34 older adults (65 years +) recruited across four care homes in Scotland to a pilot study.

Discovery and Efficacy of AZ-PRMT5i-1, a Novel PRMT5 Inhibitor with High MTA Cooperativity.

PRMT5, a type 2 arginine methyltransferase, has a critical role in regulating cell growth and survival in cancer. With the aim of developing MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitors suitable for MTAP-deficient cancers, herein we report our efforts to develop novel "MTA-cooperative" compounds identified through a high-throughput biochemical screening approach. Optimization of hits was achieved through structure-based design with a focus on improvement of oral drug-like properties.

The pathways to reproductive health education for women with physical disabilities in vietnam.

Objective: To examines the access to reproductive health information by women with physical disabilities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Methods: An ethnography was used in this research. Data collection was conducted by using observations, photovoice, and in-depth interview with 30 participants, which including 20 women with physical disabilities, 5 healthcare providers, and 5 key informants.

Turning foes to friends: Advanced " nanovaccine" with dual immunoregulation for enhanced immunotherapy of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer.

As a "cold tumor", triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits limited responsiveness to current immunotherapy. How to enhance the immunogenicity and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment of TNBC remain a formidable challenge. Herein, an " nanovaccine" Au/CuNDs-R848 was designed for imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT)/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) synergistic therapy to trigger dual immunoregulatory effects on TNBC.